1. Epidemiology, Staging, Grading, and Risk Stratification of Bladder Cancer 
Marc Colombel, Mark Soloway, Hideyuki Akaza, Andreas Böhle, Joan Palou, Roger Buckley, Donald Lamm, Maurizio Brausi, J. Alfred Witjes, Raj Persad 
European Urology Supplements 
Volume 7, Issue 10, Pages (October 2008)
DOI: /j.eursup
Copyright © 2008 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Worldwide age-standardised incidence rates (per ) for bladder cancer in (a) males and (b) females [2].*
* Reprinted from Ferlay et al [2].
European Urology Supplements 2008 7, DOI: ( /j.eursup )
Copyright © 2008 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Comparison of the 1973 and 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) grading systems.
Some 1973 WHO grade 1 carcinomas are reassigned to the papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) category and others to the 2004 WHO low-grade carcinoma category. Similarly, 1973 WHO grade 2 carcinomas are reassigned, some to the low-grade carcinoma category and others to the high-grade carcinoma category. All 1973 WHO grade 3 tumours are assigned to the 2004 WHO high-grade carcinoma category.
TCC=transitional cell carcinoma.
Reprinted with permission from Elsevier Inc [41].
European Urology Supplements 2008 7, DOI: ( /j.eursup )
Copyright © 2008 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions