1. ATOC 4720 class30 1. Energy balance in the troposphere
2. Turbulent heat fluxes at the earth/atmosphere interface

2. Above 100km:Photodissociation of oxygen:
Previous class:
Above 90km: photoionization of N2, O2, O gives rise to E- and F-layer): UV & X-ray
Above 100km:Photodissociation of oxygen:
At 20-60km:
(UV)
(UV)
(NOTE: ONLY account for <2% of solar radiation!)

3. Upper atmosphere

4. 1. The tropospheric energy balance
Radiation:
98% reaches the tropopause
Visible
window IR

6. How the balance is achieved

7. Without Latent and Sensible heat fluxes: the balance at the earth
Surface would be:

8. 2. Effects of turbulent heat fluxes

11. Sensible heat flux:
Laten heat flux:

12. Bulk formulae: