1. Sentence Structure
NINTH GRADE ENGLISH

2. Complete Sentence Contains a subject and a verb
Includes a complete thought
Has an end mark
AKA: independent clause
Example: The waves are crashing along the shore.

3. Prepositions
A word that shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to another word

4. List of Prepositions About Before During Off Toward Above Behind
Except On
Under
Across
Below
For
Onto
Underneath
After
Beneath
From
Out
Until
Against
Beside In
Outside Up
Along
Between
Inside
Over
Upon
Among
Beyond
Into
Since
With
Around By
Like
Through
Within As
Despite
Near
Throughout
Without At
Down Of to

5. Compound Prepositions
According to
Aside from
Because of
By means of
In addition to
In front of
In place of
In spite of
Instead of
On account of
Out of
Prior to

6. Prepositions Examples: The dog slept near my bed.
The dog slept under my bed.
The dog slept behind my bed.
The dog slept beside my bed.
The dog slept on my bed.

7. Prepositional Phrases
The noun or pronoun that a preposition relates another word to is called the object of the preposition.
The preposition, its object, and any modifiers of the objects together form a preposition phrase.

8. Prepositional Phrases
Alice went to the store.
The group rested under the tree.
I live down the street.
According to my mom, I should be there at noon.

9. Verbs Express an action, a condition, or a state of being
Three types of verbs
Action
Linking
helping

10. Action Verbs Express either physical or mental action
Something you can actually “do”
Examples…
The student thought through the question
The family travels during the summer.

11. Linking Verbs
Links the subject to another part of the sentence that renames the subject or describes the subject
Two types of linking verbs

12. Linking Verbs—To Be VerbsAm
Was Be Is
Were
Being
Are
been

13. Linking Verbs— Express Condition
Look
Smell
Feel
Sound
Taste
Grow
Appear
Become
Seem
remain

14. Linking Verbs…
Some of the verbs that can express conditions can also be action verbs
Example: The popcorn tasted good.
Example: I tasted the sauce.
Substitute the verb for IS, ARE, WAS, or WERE.

15. Helping Verbs
Helps a main verb to express an action or a state of being
Combine with other verbs to form verb phrases
VERB PHRASES—consist of at least one main verb and one or more helping verbs

16. Helping Verbs Have Does should Must Has Did Would Can Had Shall May
could do
Will
Might

17. Subjects
The main word or group of words that tells who or what the sentence is about
HERE and THERE are NEVER subjects!
Understood YOU can be a subject!
The subject is NEVER in a prepositional phrase!

18. Run-on Sentences
Two or more sentences written as though they are one sentence
Example: The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them.

19. Sentence Fragment
Part of a sentence that’s punctuated as if it were a complete sentence
Lacks either a subject, verb, or a complete thought
Example: The waves along the shore.

20. Correcting Run-on Sentences
Four ways to correct a run-on sentence
Example…
The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them.

21. Correcting Run-On Sentences Rule #1
The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them.
Make two sentences.
The waves are crashing along the shore. The children are playing in them.

22. Correcting Run-on Sentences Rule #2
The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them.
Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction.
The waves are crashing along the shore, and the children are playing in them.
And
But
For
Yet Or So
Nor

23. Correcting Run-on Sentences Rule #3
The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them.
Use a semicolon.
The waves are crashing along the shore; the children are playing in them.

24. Correcting Run-on Sentences Rule #4
The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them.
Use a semicolon, conjunctive adverb or transitional expression, and a comma

25. Correcting Run-on Sentences Rule #4
Conjunctive
Adverbs
Accordingly
Meanwhile
Also
Moreover
Besides
Nevertheless
Consequently
Next
Furthermore
Otherwise
However
Still
Indeed
Then
Instead
Therefore
Transitional
Expressions
As a result
For example
For instance
In addition
In fact
That is
On the other hand
In other words

26. Correcting Run-on Sentences Rule #4
The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them.
The waves are crashing along the shore; indeed, the children are playing in them.