1. The Canadian Ministry (in order of precedence), December 2005
The Honourable Reginald B. Alcock President of the Treasury Board and Minister responsible for the Canadian Wheat Board
The Honourable Geoff Regan, Fisheries and Oceans
The Honourable Tony Valeri, Transport
The Honourable David Pratt, National Defence
The Honourable Jacques Saada, Democratic Reform
The Honourable Irwin Cotler, Justice
The Honourable Judy Sgro, Citizenship and Immigration
The Honourable Hélène Chalifour Scherrer, Canadian Heritage
The Honourable Ruben John Efford, Natural Resources
The Honourable Liza Frulla, Social Development
The Honourable Joseph McGuire Minister of Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency
The Honourable Mauril Bélanger Deputy Leader of the Government in the House of Commons
The Honourable M. Aileen Carroll, International Cooperation
The Right Honourable Paul Martin, Prime Minister
The Honourable Jacob Austin Leader of the Government in the Senate
The Honourable David Anderson, Environment
The Honourable Ralph E. Goodale, Finance
The Honourable Anne McLellan, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Public Safety
The Honourable Lucienne Robillard, Industry
The Honourable Pierre S. Pettigrew, Health, Intergovernmental Affairs, and Official Languages
The Honourable James Scott Peterson, Trade
The Honourable Andrew Mitchell, Indian Affairs
The Honourable Claudette Bradshaw, Labour and Minister responsible for Homelessness
The Honourable Denis Coderre President of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada
The Honourable Rey D. Pagtakhan, Western Economic Diversification
The Honourable John McCallum, Veterans Affairs
The Honourable Stephen Owen, Public Works and Government Services
The Honourable William Graham, Foreign Affairs
The Honourable Stan Kazmierczak Keyes, National Revenue
The Honourable Robert Speller, Agriculture
The Honourable Giuseppe (Joseph) Volpe, Human Resources and Skills Development

2. The Canadian Ministry (in order of precedence), February 2006
The Honourable Peter Mackay, Foreign Affairs
The Honourable Chuck Strahl, Agriculture
The Honourable Diane Finley, Human Resources and Social Development
The Honourable John Baird President of the Treasury Board
The Honourable Loyola Hearn, Fisheries and Oceans
The Honourable Lawrence Cannon, Transport
The Honourable Gordon O’Connor, National Defence
The Honourable Vic Toews, Justice
The Honourable Monte Solberg, Citizenship and Immigration
The Honourable Bev Oda, Canadian Heritage
The Honourable Gary Lunn, Resources
The Honourable Rob Nicholson Deputy Leader of the Government in the House of Commons
The Honourable Josee Verner , International Cooperation
The Right Honourable Stephen Harper, Prime Minister
The Honourable Majority LeBreton Leader of the Government in the Senate
The Honourable Rona Ambrose, Environment
The Honourable Jim Flaherty, Finance
The Honourable Stockwell Day, Public Safety
The Honourable Maxime Bernier, Industry
The Honourable Tony Clement, Health
The Honourable David Emerson, Trade
The Honourable Jim Prentice, Indian Affairs
The Honourable Jean-Pierre Blackburn, Labour and Housing
The Honourable Michael Chong President of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada
The Honourable Carole Skelton, Western Economic Diversification
The Honourable Gregory Thompson, Veterans Affairs
The Honourable Michael Fortier, Public Works and Government Services

5. The Political-Bureaucratic Interface Across the System
Centralized and Diffuse Accountability Across Government (Cont’d)
February 7th, 2006

6. The Centripetal Tendencies
top-down responsiveness
coherence
centralized political accountability
collective cabinet responsibility
political control (vs. impartiality)

7. Centripetal Organizational Responses
agents of central political control
PM and Prime Minister’s Office
Cabinet
Treasury Board
Minister of Finance

8. The Centre – The Political/Bureaucratic Interfaces
PM/Cabinet and PCO
Clerk of the Privy Council

11. The Centre – The Political/Bureaucratic Interfaces
PM/Cabinet and PCO
Clerk of the Privy Council

12. The Centre – The Political/Bureaucratic Interfaces
PM/Cabinet and PCO
Clerk of the Privy Council
political-bureaucratic interface in other central agencies
Minister of Finance and Department of Finance
President of the Treasury Board (cabinet committee) and the Treasury Board Secretariat

13. The Political-Bureaucratic System
Prime Minister, PMO, Min. Fin., TBP
Political Level
Bureaucratic Level
Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS

14. The Political-Bureaucratic System
Political Level
Bureaucratic Level

15. Channels of Central Political Control
outward at political level (then downward to bureaucratic level)

16. Channels of Central Political Control
Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP
Ministers
Deputy Ministers

17. Channels of Central Political Control
outward at political level (then downward to bureaucratic level)
downward from political to bureaucratic level (then outward at bureaucratic level)

18. Channels of Central Political Control
Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP
Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS
Deputy Ministers

19. Channels of Central Political Control
outward at political level (then downward to bureaucratic level)
downward from political to bureaucratic level (then outward at bureaucratic level)
downward and outward from political level to bureaucratic level

21. Channels of Central Political Control
Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP
Deputy Ministers

22. Channels of Central Political Control
outward at political level (then downward to bureaucratic level)
downward from political to bureaucratic level (then outward at bureaucratic level)
downward and outward from political level to bureaucratic level

23. Channels of Central Political Control
Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP
Ministers
Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS
Deputy Ministers

24. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
DM influence over Ministers
from Minister through Cabinet to PM

25. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP
Ministers
Deputy Ministers

26. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
DM influence over Ministers
from Minister to Cabinet
PCO influence over PM/Min. Finance/Treasury Board

27. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
DM influence over Ministers
from Minister to Cabinet
PCO influence over PM/Min. Finance/Treasury Board
from PM/Min. Fin./Treasury Board to Ministers

28. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP
Ministers
Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS

29. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
DM influence over Ministers
from Minister to Cabinet
PCO influence over PM/Min. Finance/Treasury Board
from PM/Min. Fin./Treasury Board to Ministers
PCO influence over DM’s

30. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
DM influence over Ministers
from Minister to Cabinet
PCO influence over PM/Min. Finance/Treasury Board
from PM/Min. Fin./Treasury Board to Ministers
PCO influence over DM’s
-DM influence over ministers

31. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
Ministers
Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS
Deputy Ministers

32. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
DM influence over Ministers
from Minister to Cabinet
PCO influence over PM/Min. Finance/Treasury Board
from PM/Min. Fin./Treasury Board to Ministers
PCO influence over DM’s
-DM influence over ministers

33. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP
Ministers
Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS
Deputy Ministers

34. Channels of Central Political Control
Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP
Ministers
Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS
Deputy Ministers

35. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP
Ministers
Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS
Deputy Ministers

36. The Political-Bureaucratic System
Political Level
Bureaucratic Level

37. Implications of the Organizational Structure
various agencies (departments, agencies) which have radically different organizational purposes
line departments -- provide services/programs
central agencies – coordinate line departments
potential for conflict inherent in structure
central agency mandate for horizontal coordination reinforces centripetal tendencies
line department resistance reinforces centrifugal tendencies
these tendencies become institutionalized
even if the circumstances/concerns which give rise to these tendencies fade, the tendencies may persist

38. Implications of the Organizational Structure
centrifugal forces and centripetal forces exist at both bureaucratic and political levels
creates complex mix of incentives for various actors
creates potential for cross-level coalitions/alliances
contrasts with bureaucratic vs. political dichotomy

39. Implications of the Organizational Structure
political-bureaucratic interfaces exist at numerous sites
PM/PMO and PCO
central agency ministers and central agencies
PM and DMs
line departments ministers and DMs

40. Implications of the Organizational Structure
political-bureaucratic interfaces exist at numerous sites
creates potential for complex strategies of political control or bureaucratic influence

41. Implications of the Organizational Structure
political-bureaucratic interfaces exist at numerous sites
creates potential for complex strategies of political control or bureaucratic influence
blockage of one line (political control or bureaucratic influence) does not mean that control/influence not exercised

42. Implications of the Organizational Structure
political-bureaucratic interfaces exist at numerous sites
creates potential for complex strategies of political control or bureaucratic influence
blockage of one line (political control or bureaucratic influence) does not mean that control/influence not exercised
more simplistic model highlighted democratic questions; reality is more complex

43. Implications of the Organizational Structure
political-bureaucratic interfaces exist at numerous sites
creates potential for complex strategies of political control or bureaucratic influence
blockage of one line (political control or bureaucratic influence) does not mean that control/influence not exercised
more simplistic model highlighted democratic questions; reality is more complex
whether elected officials or public service officials dominate

44. Implications of the Organizational Structure
political-bureaucratic interfaces exist at numerous sites
creates potential for complex strategies of political control or bureaucratic influence
blockage of one line (political control or bureaucratic influence) does not mean that control/influence not exercised
more simplistic model highlighted democratic questions; reality is more complex
whether elected officials or public service officials dominate
whether the departments dominate or The Centre dominates

46. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
Ministers
Deputy Ministers

47. The Political-Bureaucratic System
Political Level
Bureaucratic Level

48. Channels of Central Political Control
Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP
Ministers
Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS
Deputy Ministers

49. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP
Ministers
Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS
Deputy Ministers

50. The Political-Bureaucratic System
Political Level
Bureaucratic Level