1. Routing
Protocols
(RIP, OSPF, BGP)

2. CONTENTS
INTRA-DOMAIN AND INTER-DOMAIN
ROUTING
RIP
OSPF
BGP

3. INTRA-DOMAIN
AND INTER-DOMAIN
ROUTING

4. Popular routing protocols
Figure 13-1
Popular routing protocols
Inter-domain
Intra-domain

5. Figure 13-2
Autonomous systems

6. 1. Distance Vector Routing

7. Figure 13-3
Example of updating
a routing table

8. Initial routing tables in a small
Figure 13-4
Initial routing tables in a small
autonomous system

9. Final routing tables for the previous figure

10. Figure
Hop count

11. Instability

12. Solution for Instability
1. Defining Infinity
2. Split horizon

13. 3. Split Horizon and Poison reverse
“ Do not use this value;
what I know about this route comes from you”

14. 2. Link State Routing
OSPF:(Open Shortest
Path First)

15. Link State Routing:-
Building Routing Tables
1. Creation of the states of the links by each node, called the
Link state packet (LSP).
:- node identity, list of links, sequence no and age
2. Flooding of LSP to every other router
3. Formation of a shortest path tree for each node.
:- Dijkstra Algorithm
4. Calculation of a routing table based on the shortest path tree

17. Areas in an autonomous system
Figure
Areas in an autonomous system

18. Types of links

19. Figure
Point-to-point link

20. Figure
Transient link

21. Figure
Stub link

22. Figure
Example of an internet

23. Graphical representation of an internet
Figure
Graphical representation of an internet

24. Figure
Router link

25. 3. Path Vector Routing
BGP: (Border Gateway
Protocol)

27. Initialization
Sharing
Updating
Loop prevention
Policy routing
Optimum path

28. BGP: (Border Gateway Protocol)
Types of autonomous
1. Stub AS
:-data cannot pass through a stub AS
:- Only one connection to another AS
2. Multi-homed AS
:- More than one connection to other AS
:- data cannot pass through a stub AS
3. Transit AS
BCP Attribute:-
Well Known
Mandatory 2. Discretionary
Optional
Transitive 2. Non Transitive
BGP Session

29. Congestion Control Data Traffic:- Traffic Descriptor Avg. Data Rate
Peak Data Rate
Max. Burst Size
Traffic Profiles
CBR ( Constant BR)
VBR ( Variable BR)
Bursty Data

30. Network Performance

31. Congestion Control Categories