1. Electrical Stimulation
Sports Medicine
Electrical Stimulation

2. Discussion Scenario
Remember how it feels to hit your ‘funny bone?’ What happens to the rest of your arm and your hand?
Why does it happen?
Think about your response, and be prepared to share with the class.

3. Objectives
Explain the differences between electrical stimulation (E-stim) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
List the indications and contraindications for electrical stimulation
Identify situations when using electrical stimulation would be beneficial

4. Terminology
Electrical stimulation (E-Stim) – using electricity to target a motor nerve and cause a muscle response
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) – using electricity to target a sensory nerve to decrease pain

5. Electrical Modalities
E-Stim Unit
TENS unit

6. E-Stim and TENS Comparison
Similarities
Both are electrical modalities
2. Both transmit electricity through electrodes
3. Both stimulate nerves
4. Both produce therapeutic effects
Differences
E-Stim is used to stimulate motor nerves; TENS stimulates sensory nerves
2. E-stim produces muscle contractions; TENS controls pain
3. An E-stim unit can function as a TENS

7. How Electrical Stimulation Units Work
The unit generates an electrical current
The current is transmitted by the electrodes (two or more electrodes are required to complete an electrical circuit)
The electrodes are placed on the skin
The current carried by the electrodes is used to stimulate a nerve (sensory or motor)
The amount of electricity is controlled to produce a therapeutic effect

8. Indications of Electrical Stimulation
Increase range of motion
Increase muscle strength
Muscle re-education
Improve muscle tone
Improve muscle function
Control pain
Accelerate wound healing
Decrease muscle spasm
Prevent atrophy

9. Contraindications of E-Stim
Over the carotid sinus
During pregnancy
Individuals with pacemakers
Sensitivity to electricity
When active ROM is contraindicated

10. Treatment Parameters
1. Waveform 2. Modulation 3. Intensity 4. Duration 5. Frequency 6. Polarity 7. Electrode setup