2. American Pageant: Chapter 27
The Path of the Empire
American Pageant: Chapter 27

3. Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis
Written by Rev. Josiah Strong
Anglos had a responsibility to “Civilize and Christianize”
7 “perils”
Catholicism
Mormonism
Socialism
Intemperance
Wealth
Urbanization
Immigration

4. Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783
Alfred Thayer Mahan, 1890
Role of sea power and need for a strong navy
occupy sites around world for refueling
canal for quick access from Atlantic to Pacific
Control of Sea = key to World Domination

5. “Big Sister” policy James Blaine 1880s
Called for an alliance between U.S. and Latin America
Open Latin American markets to American traders
Important because it begins trend of inter-American assemblages.

6. Venezuela ( )
Richard Olney (Sec. of State under Cleveland) warned Britain that invading Venezuela violated Monroe Doctrine (US calling the shots in Western Hemp.)
Britain rejected claim but chose not to fight

7. Great Rapprochement 1898
Reconciliation between Great Britain and the U.S.
Shared interests
Britain worried about Germany and Russia
Britain sided with U.S. during Spanish-American War

8. Imperialism in Hawaii in the 19th century
1840s – U.S. warned other countries to stay away
1887 – Pearl Harbor naval base established
Americans in Hawaii wanted it annexed to relieve affects of tariff against Hawaiian sugar
1893- Queen Liliuokalani overthrown by minority white planters
Grover Cleveland withdrew annexation treaty
Annexed (w help of provincial Gov. Dole)
Would not become a state until 1959

9. Imperialism in Cuba Tariff of 1894 created hardships for Cuba
Cuban rebel army revolted against Spanish rule
Spanish were treating Cubans poorly
200, ,000 died in camps
1896- Congress recognized revolt of Cubans, but Cleveland did not, he would not answer Congress’ call for war
US people are sympathetic to the cause of patriots fighting for freedom from an oppressor

10. YELLOW JOURNALISM

11. Yellow Journalism Sensationalized News Result of Competition
William R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer
USS Maine incident
Feb 15th, 1898 ship exploded in harbor
U.S. blamed Spain, Spain said it was internal
Publications led to U.S. people calling for war
“Remember the Maine!”

13. McKinley Declares War Spain already agreed to demands
End camps
Peace with Cuban rebels
Declared war on April 11th, 1898 believing it was the people’s will BUT added the Teller Amend.
Teller Amendment=
Promised Cuban independence once Spain was defeated

14. Attack on Cuba Spanish – Admiral Cervera “Rough Riders”
Organized by Teddy Roosevelt
Volunteer cowboys and ex-athletes
Spanish fleet destroyed July 3rd, 1898
Meanwhile General Nelson Miles takes over Puerto Rico
War ends – August 12th, 1898
Most American deaths due to bad food,
disease and unsanitary conditions

15. End of the War Peace Treaty= Guam and Puerto Rico to U.S.
U.S buys the Philippines for $20 mil from Spain
Problems with Expansion:
William Jennings Bryan-anti imperialist groups
Insular Cases, 1901
Constitution did not extend to Philippines and Puerto Rico
US ignores Teller Amendment
issues Platt Amendment, 1903= US has the right to interfere in Cuba & US given Navy bases

16. Philippines
invaded Manila Bay by Commodore Dewey at onset of Spanish-American War (May, 1898)
Invasion into P.I. not easy. US allies with Aguinaldo, Filipino revolutionary, against Spanish.
In exchange, US would give P.I. independence
First Philippine Commission
Formed to investigate conditions and make recommendations on the Philippines
Filipinos not ready for independence

17. Formal Proclamation of War?
Feb 1899, Filipinos revolt against US presence
Led by Emilio Aguinaldo
President McKinley told reporters “that the insurgents had attacked Manila” and that Aguinaldo was an “outlaw bandit”
U.S. never formally declared war but captured Aguinaldo in 1901.
P.I. gains independence 1946

18. Chapter 28 begins here

19. Benevolent Assimilation
Aguinaldo captured in 1901
“Little Brown Brothers” – William H. Taft
“Benevolent assimilation”
Improved roads, sanitation, health
Economic ties
School system

20. Open Door Policy - China
Secretary of State – John Hay
Stated all nations would allow trade and Chinese independence
Italy accepted, Russia did not

21. Boxer Rebellion Patriotic Chinese rebellion against foreigners in 1900
Many nations came together to put rebellion down

22. Election of 1900 William McKinley William Jennings Bryan Republican
Established gold standard
Imperialism
William Jennings Bryan
Democrat
Silver standard
Cross of gold speech
Anti – imperialism

25. Teddy Roosevelt
Takes over when McKinley assassinated (1901)

26. “Big Stick” Diplomacy President as the supreme decision maker
“Speak softly and carry a big stick”

27. Panama Canal Originally meant to go through Nicarauga
Panama Revolution against Columbia
Led by Bunau-Varilla
Signed Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
US 10 mile around Panama region
: $400 million

28. Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
“Preventive Intervention”
Fear of European intervention in Latin America
U.S. would pay off debts to European countries to keep them out
Negative relations with Latin America

29. Japanese in America Discrimination in California (mainly schools)
“Gentleman’s Agreement”
No discrimination against Japanese in U.S.
No emigration of Japanese to U.S.
Root-Takahira agreement
Respecting of possessions