1. 3 characteristics of human languages
Animal Language
3 characteristics of human languages

2. Animal Language 3 characteristics of human languages
It is systematic, has structure, order

3. Animal Language 3 characteristics of human languages
It is systematic, has structure, order
Is learned automatically. No explicit training needed

4. Animal Language 3 characteristics of human languages
It is systematic, has structure, order
Is learned automatically. No explicit training needed

5. Animal Language 3 characteristics of human languages
It is systematic, has structure, order
Is learned automatically. No explicit training needed
Is used to talk about things not present

6. Animal Language 3 characteristics of human languages
It is systematic, has structure, order
Is learned automatically. No explicit training needed
Is used to talk about things not present
Is used to talk about abstract things

7. Animal Language 3 characteristics of human languages
It is systematic, has structure, order
Is learned automatically. No explicit training needed
Is used to talk about things not present
Is used to talk about abstract things
Is used in novel and creative ways

8. Does animal communication have these characteristics?
Animal Language
Does animal communication have these characteristics?

9. Animal Language Does animal communication have these characteristics?
Bees communicate location of food (non-present thing)
Quantity of food is communicated (abstract ?)
Dancing is implicitly learned

10. Animal Language Does animal communication have these characteristics?
Bees communicate location of food (non-present thing)
Quantity of food is communicated (abstract ?)
Dancing is implicitly learned
But
It is not creative, or novel
Is it systematic?

11. Animal Language Does animal communication have these characteristics?
Birds and whales use signals to communicate
It is learned implicitly
It conveys abstraction (fear)
But
They don't talk about things not present
It's not creative or novel
There is not much structure

12. Animal Language Does animal communication have these characteristics?
Birds, dolphins, chimps have been taught signs and use them to communicate
But
It is explicitly taught
Not very creative or novel
Has a very basic structure
Doesn't deal with abstract or non-present things

13. Grammar Prescriptive grammar Don't use ain't
Use 'fewer' with count nouns not 'less'

14. Grammar Prescriptive grammar Don't use ain't
Use 'fewer' with count nouns not 'less'
Descriptive grammar
Nouns follow verbs (big car, *car big)
Articles precede nouns (the boat, *boat the)
Regular past tense is done by adding -ed to the verb

15. Do some languages lack prescriptive grammar?

16. Grammar Do some languages lack prescriptive grammar?
Do some language lack descriptive grammar?

17. Grammar Do some languages lack prescriptive grammar?
Do some language lack descriptive grammar?
Languages distinguish subjects from objects
Languages use word order

18. Grammar Do some languages lack prescriptive grammar?
Do some language lack descriptive grammar?
Languages distinguish subjects from objects
Languages use word order
Languages use prepositions in certain places
Language have restrictions on permissible sound structure (blick but not *bnick)

19. Grammar Do some languages lack prescriptive grammar?
Do some language lack descriptive grammar?
Languages distinguish subjects from objects
Languages use word order
Languages use prepositions in certain places
Language have restrictions on permissible sound structure (blick but not *bnick)
Without grammar languages wouldn't be able to communicate

20. How are subject and object marked in English?
Grammar
How are subject and object marked in English?

21. Grammar How are subject and object marked in English?
Word order (John kissed Mary vs. Mary kissed John)
In Latin suffixes mark subject and object (John-us kissed Mary-am is same as Mary-am kissed John-us)

22. Grammar How are subject and object marked in English?
Word order (John kissed Mary vs. Mary kissed John)
In Latin suffixes mark subject and object (John-us kissed Mary-am is same as Mary-am kissed John-us)
In Maori the particle -i marks object
John kissed i Mary is same as i Mary kissed John

23. What do people mean by a language not having a grammar?

24. Grammar Does grammar change? Dived > dove Sneaked > snuck
Crew > crowed

25. Grammar Does grammar change? Dived > dove Sneaked > snuck
Crew > crowed
Went you to the store? > Did you go to the store?

26. Grammar Does grammar change? Dived > dove Sneaked > snuck
Crew > crowed
Went you to the store? > Did you go to the store?
I can a little Dutch > I know a little Dutch

27. Grammar Does grammar change?
I am going to the store (movement) > I am going to the store (future tense)

28. Grammar Does grammar change?
I am going to the store (movement) > I am going to the store (future tense)
I'm going to eat > I'm gonna eat > I'm goan eat > I'm a eat

29. Grammar Does grammar change?
I am going to the store (movement) > I am going to the store (future tense)
I'm going to eat > I'm gonna eat > I'm goan eat > I'm a eat
Grammaticalization: Words lose their lexical meaning and gain a functional meaning

30. Grammar
Grammaticalization: Words lose their lexical meaning and gain a functional meaning
To will meant to want
I will conquer the barbarian (desire) > I will conquer the barbarians (future tense)
InPREP steadN (in place) > insteadADV

31. Grammar
Grammaticalization: Words lose their lexical meaning and gain a functional meaning
To will meant to want
I will conquer the barbarian (desire) > I will conquer the barbarians (future tense)
InPREP steadN (in place) > insteadADV
ADET lotN > alotDET
(many, some, few, the, a are determiners)

32. Grammar G