1. MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION I
BRICK MASONRY-2
SOFIA SEBASTIAN

2. Damp proof course (dpc)
prevents the dampness from rising into the interior of the building.
water proof barrier that separates the brickwork below ground from the brick work above.
The dpc is a bitumen based felt material wide enough to cover the width of a wall. It is rolled out on a brick wall 15cm above the ground and laid out in a mortar bed.
If joints occurred they should be lapped at least 15cm.

3. DPC AND DPM Damp proof membrane
Detail of the overlap between dpc and dpm
Damp proof membrane
A concrete floor slab will have a damp proof membrane (dpm) which is a layer of moisture proof material laid under a concrete slab to prevent rising damp in floors.
If the dpm meets the dpc, then they should be lapped again.

4. most lintels are made from reinforced concrete. Precast lintel
Lintels and its making
Precasting is the process of making the lintel separately from a building. It can be done on or off the site. The advantage is that the lintel can be placed in position as soon as the brickwork is ready. Precast lintels are often better quality.
Casting in situ is the process of pouring the concrete into the formwork across the opening to make the lintel.
Put the timber formwork across the opening
Place the reinforcement
Pour in the concrete
After the concrete hardens, remove the formwork
A lintel is a beam that spans across a horizontal opening and supports the load just above the opening
most lintels are made from reinforced concrete.
Precast lintel
Cast in situ lintel

5. Precast lintel
2. Cast in situ lintel

6. CAVITY WALL CONSTRUCTION
HOLLOW CAVITY WALL CONSTRUCTION
consist of two walls separated by a
hollow space/
insulation
commonly masonry walls such as brick or concrete block
good thermal and sound insulation
Restricts moisture to the inside

7. HOLLOW CAVITY WALL CONSTRUCTION
Wall ties attach the outer and the inner leaf
The wall ties are galvanized metal or plastic. They are placed in staggered patterns 45 cm apart vertically and 90 cm apart horizontally

8. INSULATED CAVITY WALL CONSTRUCTION
mineral wool/ rock wool, 
polystyrene  or
foam.

9. mineral wool/ rock wool
polystyrene

10. Spray foam