1. The Brain
Chapter 14

2. Principal Structures

3. Embryology

4. Ventricles Lateral ventricles Septum pellucidum Third ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct
Fourth ventricle
Central canal of spinal cord

5. Meninges
Dura Mater
Arachnoid
Pia

6. Cerebral Spinal Fluid Cushions Supports Transports
Formed by choroid plexus
Regulated by ependymal cells
different composition than blood

7. Blood Brain Barrier Formed by endothelial cells and astrocytes
Lipid soluble molecules cross freely
Large molecules must use carriers
Absent in 4 areas
Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal gland, Choroid plexus

9. Medulla Oblongata Autonomic nuclei Reticular Formation
Reflex centers for the cardiovascular and respiratory systems
Nuclei of cranial nerves: VII, IX, X, XI, XII
Relay station for sensory and motor neurons
Nucleus gracious, Nucleus cuneatus, Solitary nucleus, Olivary nuclei

10. Pons Connects cerebellum with brainstem and cerebrum
Nuclei of cranial nerves: V, VI, VII, VIII
Respiratory center
Relay for cerebellum
Ascending, descending, transverse tracts

11. Cerebellum Adjustment of postural muscles
Programing and fine adjustment of movement

12. Midbrain Corpora Quadrigemina Superior colliculus Inferior colliculus
Red nucleus
Substantial Nigra
Cerebral peduncles
Reticular Activating System

13. Diencephalon
Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

14. Thalamus Final relay station for ascending tracts 5 major nuclei
Anterior
Medial
Ventral
Posterior
Lateral

15. Hypothalamus
Mammillary bodies
Infundibulum
8 major functions

16. Hypothalamus 8 Major functions Subconscious control of skeletal muscle
Control of autonomic centers
Link between the nervous and endocrine system
Secretion of ADH and Oxytocin
Emotion and behavior
Coordinates voluntary and autonomic functions
Regulates body temperature
Circadian rhythms

17. Limbic System
Emotion
Links conscious and unconscious thoughts or actions
Memory

18. Cerebrum Receives sensory information and sends motor commands
Lateralization
Generalized map

19. Cerebral White Matter Association fibers Arcuate fibers
Projection fibers
Commissural fibers

20. Basal Nuclei Masses of grey matter Functions
Control of skeletal muscle tone
Coordination of learned movements

21. Cortex

22. Neurotransmitters

23. Neurotransmitters

24. Neurotransmitters