1. Overview of Cellular Respiration
BIOLOGY
Chapter 4.4
Overview of Cellular Respiration

2. and the increasing complexity of systems.
SB3. Students will derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms
and the increasing complexity of systems.
a. Explain the cycling of energy through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration.
b. Compare how structures and function vary between the six kingdoms (archaebacteria,
eubacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals).
c. Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems.
d. Compare and contrast viruses with living organisms.

3. KEY CONCEPT The overall process of cellular respiration converts sugar into ATP using oxygen.

6. How to turn carbohydrates (sugar) into ATP

7. A-P-P-P What is ATP? ATP stands for Adenosine TriPhosphate.
It looks like this:
There is a large amount of energy between the bonds of the phosphates…..
A-P-P-P

8. What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate
Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds

9. Chemical Structure of ATP
Adenine Base
3 Phosphates
Ribose Sugar

10. What Does ATP Do for You?
It supplies YOU with ENERGY!

11. How Do We Get Energy From ATP?
By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP

12. How to make ATP
The process of a Cell making ATP (energy) is called : Cellular Respiration
Involves 3 steps:
Glycolysis
Kreb’s Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

13. What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?
Glycolysis
The Krebs Cycle
The Electron Transport Chain

14. Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place?
It actually takes place in two parts of the cell:
Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle & ETC Take place in the Mitochondria

15. Review of Mitochondria Structure
Smooth outer Membrane
Folded inner membrane
Folds called Cristae
Space inside cristae called the Matrix

16. Diagram of the Process Occurs across Cristae Occurs in Cytoplasm
Occurs in Matrix

17. Respiration involves glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, and electron transport.

18. Overview of all the steps of cellular respiration.

19. Cellular Respiration Anaerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis
Fermentation
Alcohol
Lactic Acid
Aerobic Respiration
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

20. Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars
Cellular respiration is aerobic, or requires oxygen.
Aerobic stages take place in mitochondria.

21. mitochondrion
animal cell

22. MAKING ATP IS A SERIES OF PROCESSES THAT STARTS WITH GLYCOLYSIS

23. Glucose Found in most carbohydrates Needed to make energy
Breaks down through Glycolysis into 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid
Glucose

24. What is Glycolyis you ask???
Glycolysis : a series of chemical reactions that take place in the cytoplasm which results in going from Glucose ( 6 Carbons ) down to 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid (3 Carbons)

25. Step 1 Glycolysis The first step of cellular respiration
The process of breaking down glucose into pyruvic acid

26. Respiration involves glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, and electron transport.

27. Energy Cost
Glycolysis requires some energy to get started…..it costs the cell 2 ATPs to get started, but in the end 4 ATPs get made. This gives a net gain of 2 ATPs!!!

28. Glycolysis must take place first.
anaerobic process (does not require oxygen)
takes place in cytoplasm
splits glucose into two three-carbon molecules
produces two ATP molecules

29. Glycolysis

30. Now…move them into the Kreb’s Cycle of Course!

31. Step 2 Kreb’s Cycle The second step of cellular respiration
The Krebs cycle transfers energy to an electron transport chain.

32. Respiration involves glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, and electron transport.

33. A Little Krebs Cycle History
Discovered by Hans Krebs in 1937
He received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1953 for his discovery
Forced to leave Germany prior to WWII because he was Jewish

34. Kreb’s Cycle Happens inside the mitochondria called the Matrix.
Turns twice to process each glucose molecule
Results in 2 more ATPs made!!!

35. Also called the Citric Acid Cycle
Krebs Cycle
Also called the Citric Acid Cycle

36. The Krebs Cycle

37. Cellular respiration is like a mirror image of photosynthesis.
The Krebs cycle transfers energy to an electron transport chain.
takes place in mitochondrial matrix
breaks down 2 “three-carbon” molecules from glycolysis

38. Cellular respiration is like a mirror image of photosynthesis.

39. Take note of the reactants and products for each reaction (photosynthesis and cellular respiration) on the next 2 slides.

42. The equation for the overall process is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O
The reactants in photosynthesis are the same as the products of cellular respiration.

43. makes a small amount of ATP releases carbon dioxide
The Krebs cycle transfers energy to an electron transport chain.
makes a small amount of ATP
releases carbon dioxide
transfers energy-carrying molecules

44. So…4 ATPs so far…where do the rest come in?
Electron Transport Chain

45. Step 3 Electron Transport Chain
The third step of cellular respiration
ADP and phosphate combine with a proton that goes through the channel to form a ATP molecule

46. Respiration involves glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, and electron transport.

48. energy from glycolysis
6H O 2
6CO 6O
mitochondrion
matrix (area enclosed
by inner membrane)
inner membrane
ATP
energy
energy from glycolysis 1 4 3
and
Kreb’s Cycle

49. energy from glycolysis
6H O 2
6CO 6O
mitochondrion
matrix (area enclosed
by inner membrane)
inner membrane
ATP
energy
energy from glycolysis 1 4 3
and
Electron Transport

50. Electron Transport Chain
Last stage of Aerobic Respiration
High energy electrons go back and forth between molecules
Gives them energy to pump hydrogen atoms to the other side
Creates a concentration gradient of protons

52. ATP Synthesis
Happens inside the mitochondria
ADP and phosphate combine with a proton that goes through the channel to form a ATP molecule

54. Electron Transport Chain

55. The electron transport chain produces a large amount of ATP.
takes place in inner membrane
energy transferred to electron transport chain
oxygen enters process
ATP produced
water released as a waste product

56. Cellular Respiration Overview

57. Total ATP made The actual amount varies anywhere from 32 to 38
depending on what kind of cell and if oxygen was present

58. Ticket out the Door
Cellular respiration takes place in what organelle ________________.
Write out the complete formula for cellular respiration.
What are the 3 main steps to cellular respiration?
Where does glycolysis take place?
Where does the Kreb’s cycle take place?
Where does electron transport chain take place?