1. Midterm - as per course syllabus
Lectures 1a-6b inclusive-50 multiple choice-50 points
One short answer question-10 points
Lecture 5b 31 January 2018
Most of this lecture taken from
Chapters 5,7 of Rolfes et al(Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition(Nutrition 2104/2106 text)

2. Outline of lectures 5a,b
Lipids classified
    -fatty acids
    -saturation
    -triglycerides
    -phospholipids
    -sterols

3. Outline of lectures 5a,b
Lipids
    -digestion
    -absorption
    -transport

4. Outline of lectures 5a,b
Lipids in the body
    -roles of triglycerides
    -essential fatty acids

5. Outline of lectures 5a,b
Preview of lipid metabolism

6. Outline of lectures 5a,b
Lipid Metabolism
    -fatty acid catabolism
    -fatty acid anabolism
    -triglyceride catabolism
    -triglyceride anabolism
    -cholesterol catabolism
    -cholesterol anabolism
    -phospholipid catabolism
    -phospholipid anabolism
    -regulation

7. More detailed comments

8. Lipids classified
-phospholipids
     example-choline containing phospholipids
2 fatty acids and a choline head group attached to
glycerol
                    -diagram

10. Lipids classified
-phospholipids
-ethanolamine containing phospholipids
                    -2 fatty acids and an ethanolamine head group attached to
glycerol
            -phosphatidylinositol
                    -2 fatty acids and an inositol head group attached to
          

11. Lipids classified
-phospholipids
            -phosphatidylserine
                    -2 fatty acids and a serine head group attached to
glycerol
            -sphingomyelin
                    -one fatty acid and 2 other groups attached to glycerol

12. -various hormones (eg estrogen, testosterone) made from cholesterol  
Lipids classified
-sterols
            -cholesterol
            -various hormones (eg estrogen, testosterone) made from cholesterol

13. Diag chol

14. Lipids
    -digestion
         -mouth
            -lingual lipase
                    -adults-minor role
                    -infants- major role in digesting short and medium chain fatty acids

15. Lipids
    -digestion
            -stomach- gastric lipase-able to function in watery environment without bile
            -small intestine- pancreatic lipase-digests fatty acids from triglycerides
- intestinal lipases
                                    -role of bile (figure 5-14, Rolfes)

17. Lipids
-absorption
            -glycerol, short and medium chain fatty acids go directly into blood
            -monoglycerides and long chain fatty acids are formed into micelles which are moved into intestinal cells
                     in intestinal cells ultimately get phospholipids and  triglycerides formed into chylomicrons  which are moved into lymph - from lymph go into blood

18. Lipids -transport lipoproteins
Lipids
-transport
        lipoproteins
            -fat protein particles-protein required to give water
solubility to lipids
            -chylomicrons
            -very low density lipoprotein
            -low density lipoprotein
            -lipoprotein (a)
            -high density lipoprotein
            -albumin
            -lipoprotein density affected by ratio of
lipid to protein in a lipoprotein

19. Lipids in the body
    -roles of triglycerides
               -primarily energy
                -fat stores
                -participates in carbohydrate metabolism
                -protein sparing

20. Lipids in the body
    -essential fatty acids
                -linoleic
                -alpha-linolenic

21. Preview of lipid metabolism
                -fat is made into fat
                -carbohydrate and protein can make fat
                  

22. Lipid Metabolism
    -fatty acid catabolism
                -fatty acids made into acetyl CoA
                -acetyl CoA follows TCA cycle
                -ATP is made

23. Lipid Metabolism
-fatty acid anabolism
                -acetyl CoA can be made into fatty acids
                -omega 6 and omega 3 pathways
                -ATP is used
                   

24. Lipid Metabolism
-triglyceride catabolism
                -to glycerol and fatty acids
-triglyceride anabolism
                -fatty acids and glycerol make triglycerides

25. Lipid Metabolism
-cholesterol catabolism
                -largely made into bile
-cholesterol anabolism
                -acetyl CoA made into cholesterol

26. Lipid Metabolism
-phospholipid catabolism
                -made into glycerol, fatty acids and head group (eg choline)
-phospholipid anabolism
                -made from glycerol, fatty acids and head group (eg choline)

27. -regulation-closely linked to carbohydrate availability
Lipid Metabolism
-regulation-closely linked to carbohydrate availability   
-lots of carbohydrate-favours fatty acid synthesis-due to lots of malonyl CoA which inhibits carnitine acyl transferase I that allows for transfer of fatty acids to carnitine for transport into mitochondria for oxidation to acetyl CoA- also if not enough carbohydrate for fatty acid synthesis but not so little that there is sufficient OAA-fatty acids are metabolised through the Krebs cycle (acetyl CoA from fatty acids joins with OAA to make citrate)
            
-little carbohydrate-favours fatty acid catabolism to ketones (acetyl CoA is converted to ketone as OAA is converted to glucose)