1. Sugars (carbohydrates)
What type of organic compounds are made during photosynthesis?
Before organisms use the energy in organic compounds, they must convert this energy to _________ during the process of _______________
__________________
Remember, ________ organisms respire…even plants
Sugars (carbohydrates)
ATP
cellular
respiration
all

2. Oxygen without aerobic anaerobic Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Oxygen
__________________ in the air you breathe makes the production of ATP more efficient, although some ATP is made ______________ oxygen.
Metabolic processes that require oxygen are called ___________________.
Metabolic processes that do not require oxygen are called _______________, which means “without air.
without
aerobic
anaerobic

3. glucose energy a mitochondrion Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
In the process of cellular respiration, __________________ is broken down to produce ____________ within __________________
glucose
energy
a mitochondrion

4. Structure of the mitochondrion2
_____ membranes
Inner membrane is _________
Space between the two membranes is called the ______________ space
Space inside the inner membrane is called the mitochondrial ____________
folded
intermembrane
matrix
matrix
Intermembrane space

5. oxygen Carbon dioxide, water The equation for cellular respiration is…
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Which reactant is needed for cellular respiration to be efficient?
In addition to energy, what other products are made?
oxygen
Carbon dioxide, water

6. cytoplasm mitochondrial matrix inner Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
The Stages of Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration occurs in three main stages:
Stage 1 Glycolysis: occurs in the ______________
Stage 2 Krebs Cycle: occurs in the _____________ _________
Stage 3 Electron Transport Chain: occurs along the folded __________ membrane
cytoplasm
mitochondrial
matrix
inner

7. glucose pyruvates pyruvic cytoplasm not Chapter 5 Glycolysis
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
glucose
Process in which ___________ is broken down into ____________ or _____________ acid
Occurs in the ______________
Does _____ need oxygen!
4 steps
pyruvates
pyruvic
cytoplasm
not

8. 2 2 glucose Chapter 5 Glycolysis: Step 1
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis: Step 1 2
_____ ATP jumpstart glycolysis
____ phosphates from ATP join __________ to form an unstable 6-carbon compound 2
glucose

9. 2 PGAL Chapter 5 Glycolysis: Step 2
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis: Step 2
This unstable 6-carbon compound immediately breaks into ____
3-carbon compounds called ___________ 2
PGAL

10. hydrogen Chapter 5 Glycolysis: Step 3
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis: Step 3
As glucose is broken down some of its ___________ atoms join _________ to form __________, which is an energy storing molecule
The hydrogen atoms are replaced by two more __________ groups
hydrogen
NAD+
NADH
phosphate

11. Chapter 5 Glycolysis: Step 4
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis: Step 4
The ____ phosphates bond with 4 molecules of ADP to make 4 _______ molecules
The remaining products are two carbon pyruvates, which are ions of ___________ ________ 4
ATP
pyruvic
acid
Remember that 2 ATP are needed to start the process, so glycolysis produces a net gain of ______ ATP 2

12. Entering the Mitochondria
Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Entering the Mitochondria
The 3-carbon pyruvates are small enough to ___________ through the mitochondrial membranes, where they are each broken down into….
One ________
One 2-carbon compound called an ___________ ____________
diffuse
CO2
acetyl
group

13. Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
This process releases another hydrogen atom which joins NAD+ to make one more molecule of __________
The acetyl group is attached to a molecule called ______________, (______) forming the compound _________________
NADH
Coenzyme A
CoA
Acetyl-CoA

14. Each acetyl CoA enters the _________ cycle to start stage 2 of cellular respiration
It turns __________, once for each acetyl CoA
This cycle is name after ___________________, the scientist who discovered it
Occurs in ____ main steps
Krebs
twice
Hans Krebs 4

15. Stage Two: Krebs Cycle (Step 1)
Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Stage Two: Krebs Cycle (Step 1)
Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle by joining a 4-carbon compound called _____________
_____________
oxaloacetic
acid

16. Stage Two: Krebs Cycle (Step 1)
Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Stage Two: Krebs Cycle (Step 1)
The new 6-carbon compound is called _____________
___________
Since this is the first product of the Krebs cycle, it also often called the _____________
_________ cycle
citric
acid
citric
acid

17. Stage Two: Krebs Cycle (Step 2)
Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Stage Two: Krebs Cycle (Step 2)
CO2
_____ is released from citric acid, resulting in a ___ carbon compound 5

18. Stage Two: Krebs Cycle (Step 3)
Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Stage Two: Krebs Cycle (Step 3)
CO2
_____ is released from the 5-carbon compound, forming a ____ carbon compound
So how many molecules of CO2 are made during the Krebs cycle? 4
2, but it turns
twice so 4

19. Stage Two: Krebs Cycle (Step 4)
Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Stage Two: Krebs Cycle (Step 4)
The 4-carbon compound is _____________, making oxaloacetic acid available for the cycle again
rearranged

20. Chapter 5 3 1 1 6 2 2 This cycle also makes energy storing compounds…
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
This cycle also makes energy storing compounds…
____ NADH
____ ATP
____ FADH2
Remember that the cycle turns twice, so it is really… 3 1 1 6 2 2

21. Stage Three: Electron Transport Chain
Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Stage Three: Electron Transport Chain
_________ and ________ carry high energy _________ to the inner membrane of the mitochondria, where they pass through an ______________ _____________ chain
NADH
FADH2
electrons
electron
transport

22. Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
The energy released from the moving electrons is used to pump _____________ ions from mitochondrial matrix to the _______________ space
hydrogen
intermembrane

23. Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
This creates a build-up of hydrogen ions which will _____________ through the ATP _____________ pump, producing __________ amounts of ATP
diffuse
synthetase
large

24. Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
As the diffusion of water is called osmosis, the diffusion of chemicals, like H+, is called ___________________
chemiosmosis

25. Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
The last molecule in the electron transport chain to receive an electron is oxygen gas _______. It binds with hydrogen ions to make _________ O2
H2O

26. Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Without ___________, the electron transport chain cannot pass along electrons and it easily gets _________ or clogged up
oxygen
blocked

27. Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
This is why oxygen is so essential for most organisms…without it the electron transport chain will _____ working and _____ will no longer be produced
stop
ATP

28. The process of making large amounts of ATP in the electron transport chain is called ______________ ______________________
Oxidation results when ___________ are lost or donated to other molecules
Electrons are _________ from molecule to molecule in the electron transport chain
Phosphorylation occurs when a ____________ group is added to a molecule
Phosphates are added to _____
oxidative
phosphorylation
electrons
passed
phosphate
ADP

29. Summary of ATP made during cellular respiration
Glycolysis = ____ ATP
Krebs Cycle = ____ ATP
Electron Transport Chain = ____ ATP to ___ ATP
Total… = ____ ATP to ___ ATP

30. Question 1 What substance is broken down during cellular respiration?
CO2 (carbon dioxide)
H2O (water)
O2 (oxygen)
C6H12O6 (glucose)

31. Question 2
Why must glucose be converted to 2 pyruvates in the cytoplasm, before these molecules cross through the mitochondrial membranes?

32. Question 3 What is the first compound made during the Krebs cycle?
Oxaloacetic acid
Citric acid
Acetyl CoA
pyruvate

33. Question 4
Which energy storing compound is not made during the Krebs cycle?
ATP
NADH
NADPH
FADH2

34. Question 5
Which molecule is necessary to prevent the electron transport chain from becoming clogged or backed up?
CO2 (carbon dioxide)
H2O (water)
O2 (oxygen)
C6H12O6 (glucose)

35. Recall that glycolysis is ________________
As shown in the diagram, its final product is two molecules of _______________
anaerobic
pyruvate

36. Once pyruvate is made, either aerobic or anaerobic respiration will continue
What determines which type of respiration will occur?
The availability of oxygen

37. Fermentation
When oxygen is not present, cells must produce energy through anaerobic processes called ________________
fermentation

38. There are two types of fermentation
_______________
Both follow ______________ because they need one of its products
alcoholic
Lactic acid
glycolysis

39. Look back at this step in glycolysis…what energy storing compound was made?
It is needed for fermentation to continue
NADH

40. Both types use NADH to make different ________.
Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Both types use NADH to make different ________.
When NADH breaks apart, ________ may
recycle back to glycolysis, which gains ___ ATP
products
NAD+ 2

41. Look at glycolysis again…what ions are needed to make NADH?
Glycolysis and fermentation constantly _______________ NAD+ and NADH back and forth, so that they may both continue
NAD+ and H+
recycle

42. Chapter 5
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Fermentation makes much _______ energy than aerobic respiration, but this is sufficient for simple,______________ life forms
less
anaerobic

43. Chapter 5 Alcoholic Fermentation
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Alcoholic Fermentation
Carried out by organisms such as yeast
Produces…
___________
Used to produce wine, beer, and bread
NAD+
ethanol
CO2
carbonation
CO2 results in ___________
or ________ in the bread
holes

44. Chapter 5 fungi bacteria NAD+ lactate dairy products milk yogurt
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Carried out by some ___________ and __________________
Produces…
___________
What type of food does “lactate” bring to mind?
Fermenting ________ with anaerobic bacteria produces __________________
fungi
bacteria
NAD+
lactate
dairy products
milk
yogurt

45. Chapter 5 Lactic Acid Fermentation
Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic acid may also build up in ___________ cells
When the average person is exercising and they start to cramp, what do they do?
This allows your body to take in more ___________, and resume aerobic respiration
muscle
stop
oxygen

46. Chapter 5 ATP production 2 38 Section 3 Cellular Respiration
Production of ATP 2
Fermentation allows _____ ATP molecules to be made
Aerobic respiration allows up to ______ ATP molecules to be made 38

47. Question 1 Fermentation recycles what molecule back to glycolysis?
Lactic acid
NAD+
ethanol
CO2

48. Question 2 List the products of each type of fermentation below.
Alcoholic Lactic Acid