1. American History Foundational Review
Events leading to the American Revolution

2. The French and Indian War
1754 to 1763 war fought over the land in America between the English and French.
It was called the Seven Years War in Europe.
Called the French and Indian War because the Indians helped the French in the war against the British. The Indians had nothing to lose. The British were taking their land, the French were not.
The British won, but at a cost a lot of money.

3. Join, or Die Political Cartoon by Benjamin Franklin A political cartoon calling for American colonies to band together for protection against Indians and the French. First published in the Pennsylvania Gazette on May 9, 1754.

4. Proclamation of 1763
Forbid colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Created to protect colonists from the Indians
Many colonists reacted with anger toward the Proclamation. They did not like being told what to do or where they could live.

5. The American Revolution was like a parent/child relationship.
Let’s examine what this means.

6. Taxes French and Indian War cost a lot of money.
Parliament (the British government) decided to tax to colonies to help pay for it.
The first tax was the Sugar Act of It placed a tax on molasses and sugar imported by the colonies.
Stamp Act of 1765 placed a tax on all printed material, such as newspapers and playing cards.
This tax upset the colonists even more.

9. No Taxation without Representation
The colonists claimed “no taxation without representation” because they were being taxed but had no vote in Parliament and had no say in how the colonies were being governed.
The colonists started a boycott, or a refusal to buy certain goods, from the British.

10. American political cartoon showing a man aiming a gun at a man representing colonial America; He tells a British member of Parliament, "I give you that man's money for my use", to which the American responds by saying, "I will not be robbed". Boston is burning in the background.

11. Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty
Samuel Adams led the protests in Boston against the taxes.
He began a secret society called the Sons of Liberty.

12. Tar and Feather
The Sons of Liberty used violence to scare off the tax collectors.
The Stamp Act was repealed (to do away with) because of all the protests.

13. The Boston Massacre
Colonial men were shouting insults at the British soldiers.
They started throwing things, probably snow balls and rocks.
Someone yelled “fire” and the Red Coats (what the British soldiers were called) shot.
Five colonists were killed. These were the first Americans killed in the War for Independence.
Sam Adams started calling the incident the Boston Massacre. He used the incident to get more people angry at the British.

15. A Tax on Tea
Parliament began taxing tea. Tea was the most important beverage in the colonies.
The colonists decided to boycott all British tea.

16. The Boston Tea Party
Colonists dressed up like Mohawk Indians and boarded three British ships full of tea.
The colonists dumped all the tea into the harbor, about 90,000 pounds.
King George III was furious!

18. The Intolerable Acts
Laws passed to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party.
The port of Boston was closed until the tea was paid for.
The Quartering Act was put into place which forced colonists to quarter, or house and supply British soldiers.

19. More Tea Parties Boston was not the only city to have a “tea party.”
They took place in Charleston, New York, Annapolis, and others.
The burning of the Peggy Stewart in Annapolis.

20. Political cartoon showing the reaction to the Boston Tea Party

21. Edenton Tea Party
The Edenton Tea Party was one of the earliest organized women’s political actions in United States history. The women joined in the boycott of British tea.

22. First Continental Congress
A group of important men met to discuss the crisis in the colonies.
Militias were set up. (citizen soldiers)
Solidarity resulted

23. The “Shot Heard Round the World”
British soldiers in Boston were sent to capture the militias weapons.
Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Israel Bissell warned the colonists that, “The Red Coats are coming.”
British troops marched to Concord to capture colonial leaders and the ammunition and weapons that were stored there.
The first two battles of the American Revolution were fought at Lexington and Concord, when the American militia met up with British forces.

24. The Second Continental Congress
The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia to discuss the next move of the colonists.
Appointed George Washington as commander of the colonial army.
War with Great Britain was imminent.

26. Common Sense
Common Sense, written by Thomas Paine was a pamphlet that encouraged colonists to declare independence from Great Britain.
Common Sense was very influential because it was read by many people.

27. The Declaration of Independence
The United States first needed to declare independence from Great Britain.
Thomas Jefferson, at the young age of 33, wrote the Declaration of Independence.
The Original Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776.
That is why we celebrate Independence Day on July 4th.
This is the day that the United States of America declared their independence from King George and Great Britain.

29. Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin, one of the most famous men in the world, was sent to France to ask for military aid as well as a loan.
And the war was on!

30. Articles of Confederation
First governing body of the United States
Very weak due to emphasis
on States individual rights
On March 4, 1789, the
Articles were replaced
with the U.S. Constitution.

31. 1790’s The Supreme Court Convenes for the first time Ben Franklin Dies
Rhode Island becomes the 13th State
President Washington establishes US postal service
Kentucky becomes 15th state

32. 1790’s- Whiskey Rebellion
To help pay off the war debt, Washington started to tax whiskey
Whiskey is an alcoholic beverage
The farmers who grew the grain to make the whiskey were angry. 32

33. Why whiskey?
Farmers had a hard time getting their grain to market, so they turned their grain into whiskey, which was easier to transport.
They got more money for the whiskey anyway.
Farmers traded the whiskey for salt, sugar, and other goods.
Farmers used whiskey as money to get whatever supplies they needed.
Farmers did not have the money to pay for the tax. 33

34. The Rebellion
In the summer of 1794, a group of farmers in Western Pennsylvania rebelled against the whiskey tax and staged the Whiskey Rebellion.
One group beat up a tax collector and coated him with tar and feathers. 34

35. Why do you think tax collectors were tarred and feathered?35

36. The Government Responds
Alexander Hamilton wanted the government to look strong. He encouraged President Washington to stop the revolt.
Federal troops marched to Western Pennsylvania and put down the revolt.
Washington had proved that the government would deal with people not obeying the law. 36

37. Why do you think Washington chose to lead the troops himself?37

38. Washington’s Farewell Address
Before he retired, Washington gave a farewell address (speech). In it he
Warned against political parties - he thought they caused arguments
Urged the nation to remain neutral and not become involved in foreign alliances.
Warned against a powerful military.
Urged Americans to maintain and value a sense of national unity. 38

39. Political Parties
Despite Washington’s warnings, political parties developed.
The first two political parties were the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.
The Federalists wanted a strong national government. The Democratic-Republicans thought a strong national government would lead to tyranny. 39

40. Hamilton versus Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton led the Federalists.
Thomas Jefferson led the Democratic-Republicans.
Northern merchants and manufacturers became Federalists.
Southern farmers and workers became Democratic-Republicans 40

41. 41

42. John Adams Becomes 2nd President
After Washington retired, his Vice-President, John Adams became the second president.
1797–1801
Thomas Jefferson came in second. He became Vice-President. 42

43. 1798 XYZ Affair
The U.S. was having problems with France. They were seizing American ships so they couldn’t trade with England.
Adams sent men to France to work out the problems.
However, the talks would occur only if the Americans agreed to loan France $10 million and to pay the minister a bribe of $250,000. The
Americans refused. The incident became known as the XYZ Affair. 43

44. 1798- Alien and Sedition Acts
President Adams was criticized for the XYZ affair by Democratic-Republican newspapers.
He blamed the papers and new immigrants for his problems.
To silence his critics, the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed.
These acts targeted aliens —immigrants who were not yet citizens. 44

45. One act increased the waiting period for becoming a U. S
One act increased the waiting period for becoming a U.S. citizen from 5 to 14 years.
Other acts gave the president the power to arrest disloyal aliens or order them out of the country during wartime.
A fourth act outlawed sedition. Saying or writing anything false or harmful about the government became illegal. Newspaper editors were arrested.
Many people thought the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the First Amendment. 45

46. 1800’s
Election between Jefferson and Aaron Burr is a tie, Jefferson is named President and Burr is Vice President
Louisiana Purchase is Made 1803 from France

47. Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition by the United States of America of 828,800 square miles of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana in The U.S. paid $11,250,000 plus cancellation of debts worth$3,750,000, for a total sum of 15 million dollars (less than 3 cents per acre) for the Louisiana territory ($219 million in 2010 dollars, less than 42 cents per acre).

50. 1800’s Lewis & Clark Expedition
Setting out to explore the Louisiana Purchase on May 14, 1804.
They headed up the Missouri river
Arrived at Pacific Ocean on Nov
Video

52. 1800’s Alexander Hamilton shot by Aaron Burr in a duel
Congress pass a prohibition of slave importation into the jurisdiction of the U.S.
Aaron Burr is indicted in on Charges of Treason.
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