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Control of posture and movement
Done by : Mohamed Faleh Al-Jathlani
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Descending motor pathways
* Pyramidal tract ( Medullary pyramids ) * Extrapyramidal tract ( other central )
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Extrapyramidal tracts
1- Rubrospinal tract (+ Flexor ) Stimulation ( Red nucleus ) ( - Extensor ) Inhibition 2-Pontine reticulospinal tract (+ Flexor ) ( Pons ) ( ++ Extensor) 3-Medullary reticulosoinal tract (- Flexor) ( medullary reticular ) (- - Extensor )
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4-Lateral vestibulospinal tract (- Flexor) (Lateral vestibular nucleus) ( + Extensor) 5-Tectospinal (Control of neck muscles ) (superior colliculus )
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Decerebrate Rigidity * Lesion of brain stem above pontine reticular and lateral vestibular nucleus but below midbrain cause Decerebrate Rigidity *( lesion above midbrain do not cause Decerebrate Rigidtiy )
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Cerebellum or ( little brain )
* Regulates movement and posture * Play role in certain kind of motor learning * Control Rate, range, force and direction of movement ( Synergy ) “ Damage of cerebellum cause coordination of movement "
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Divisions of cerebellum
1- Vestibulocerebellum : Control balance and eye movement 2- Spinocerebellum : Control synergy of movement 3- pontocerebellum : Controls the planning and initiations of movement
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Basal ganglia As a function of basal ganglia the role of basal ganglia is to aid or support in planning and execution of smooth movements * Parkinson disease ( Slow and delay of movement )
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Motor cortex Voluntary movement are directed by the motor cortex , and its consist of three areas : 1 and 2 - ( area 6 ) premotor cortex and supplementary motor cortex : Generating a plan of movement . 3- ( area 4 ) primary motor cortex Execution of movement.
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