1. Chapter 3 arrays of vertices vertex arrays display lists drawing text
mouse buttons

2. 4 ways to give the vertices
List the vertices between glBegin and glEnd
arrays of vertices (still uses glBegin and glEnd)
Vertex arrays
Index arrays

3. SquareAnnulus1.cpp as we have seen so far
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP); glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(30.0, 30.0, 0.0); glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(10.0, 10.0, 0.0);

4. Arrays of vertices (and colors) squareAnnulus2.cpp
vertices and colors in global arrays
vertices accessed through pointers
glVertex3fv(pointer to vertex)
colors accessed through pointers
glColor3fv(pointer to color)
Look at the code.

5. Accessing an Array of Vertices with pointers
// Draw square annulus. glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP); for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) { glColor3fv(colors[i%8]); glVertex3fv(vertices[i%8]); } glEnd();

6. ARRAY OF VERTICES vs VERTEX ARRAY
ARRAY OF VERTICES // Vertex co-ordinate vectors. static float vertices[8][3] = { {30.0, 30.0, 0.0}, {10.0, 10.0, 0.0}, {70.0, 30.0, 0.0}, {90.0, 10.0, 0.0}, {70.0, 70.0, 0.0}, {90.0, 90.0, 0.0}, {30.0, 70.0, 0.0}, {10.0, 90.0, 0.0} };
VERTEX ARRAY
// Vertex co-ordinate vectors.
static float vertices[] = {
30.0, 30.0, 0.0,
10.0, 10.0, 0.0,
70.0, 30.0, 0.0,
90.0, 10.0, 0.0,
70.0, 70.0, 0.0,
90.0, 90.0, 0.0,
30.0, 70.0, 0.0,
10.0, 90.0, 0.0 };

7. Vertex Arrays squareAnnulus3.cpp
vertices in one dimensional vertex array
colors in one dimensional color array
vertex and color are accessed together
glArrayElement(i%8);
glArrayElement(location of vertex);
Need info to know where that is!

8. To use vertex arrays you need to
say you are using a vertex array and a color array.
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
say where to find the data
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, vertices);
glColorPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, colors);
(size, type, stride, *pointer)
Look at code. (squareAnnulus3.cpp or roomStripe.cpp)

9. squareAnnulus4.cpp
In addition to vertex and color arrays (1D) there is an index array
static unsigned char stripIndices[] =
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1};
One draw statement
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 10,
GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, stripIndices);
(primitive, count, type, *indices)
Look at code.

10. OpenGL redefines types. Use GL types as parameters to GL functions
OpenGL redefines types. Use GL types as parameters to GL functions. Sometimes you will need to declare the item using the GL type, eg. GLfloat length;

11. Display Lists compiled once can save to machine running the display
can be invoked by a single command
Uses the values of variables at the time it compiles, not at the time it is displayed.

12. helixList.cpp // Globals. static unsigned int aHelix; // List index.
in setup():
aHelix = glGenLists(1); // Return a list index.
// Begin create a display list.
glNewList(aHelix, GL_COMPILE);
// Draw a helix.
glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP);
for(t = -10 * PI; t <= 10 * PI; t += PI/20.0)
glVertex3f(20 * cos(t), 20 * sin(t), t);
glEnd();
glEndList(); // End create a display list.

13. helixList.cpp glCallList(aHelix); // Execute display list.
in drawScene():
glCallList(aHelix); // Execute display list.

14. see the text for a discussion of executing multiple display lists with one call.
Got to slide 12

15. Drawing Text - Bitmap use a glut function for drawing a char
Need to go to the right pixel:
glRasterPos3f(p,q,r);//object coordinates
call a function to draw the string, like
writeBitmapString(font, string)
// Routine to draw a bitmap character string.
void writeBitmapString(void *font, char *string)
{ char *c;
for (c = string; *c != '\0'; c++)
glutBitmapCharacter(font, *c); }
use a glut function for drawing a char
glutBitmapCharacter(font, *c);

16. Sample Letters

17. Available Bitmap Fonts
GLUT_BITMAP_8_BY_13
GLUT_BITMAP_9_BY_15
GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_10
GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_24
GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_10
GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_12
GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_18

18. See CircularAnnuluses.cpp for an example

19. Drawing Text - Stroke
Works like drawing lines. Uses color, linewidth,...
Assumes at the origin, use glTranslate to move to the right spot, glScale to make the right size

20. Available Stroke Fonts
GLUT_STROKE_ROMAN
GLUT_STROKE_MONO_ROMAN
Run fonts.cpp

21. Stroke text cont. Use a glut function to draw the char
Use the canonical function
// Routine to draw a stroke character string.
void writeStrokeString(void *font,
const char *string)
{ const char *c;
for (c = string; *c != '\0'; c++)
glutStrokeCharacter(font, *c); }
Use a glut function to draw the char
glutStrokeCharacter(font, *c);

22. Bitmaps don't scale.
Stroke scale, rotate.

23. Programming the mouse clicking a button - register with
glutMouseFunc(mouseButton)
dragging with a button down - register with
glutMotionFunc(mouseMotion)
dragging with no button down - register with
glutPassiveMotionFunc(mousePassive)

24. void mouseButton(int button, int state, int x, int y);
button can be
GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON
GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON
GLUT_MIDDLE_BUTTON
state can be
GLUT_UP
GLUT_DOWN

25. int x, int y
(x,y) is the location in the OpenGL window,
measured in pixels,
with origin in the upper left corner.

26. mouse.cpp Run. Notice the use of STL vector.
Look at the mouse control function.
Look at the resize function, and the resize behavior.

27. STL vector Point is user defined type. vector<Point> points;
// Iterator to traverse a Point array.
vector<Point>::iterator pointsIterator;
// Store the clicked point in the points array
// after correcting
// from event to OpenGL co-ordinates.
points.push_back( Point(x, height - y) );

28. drawing the points // Loop through the points array
// drawing each point.
pointsIterator = points.begin();
while(pointsIterator != points.end() )
{ pointsIterator->drawPoint();
pointsIterator++; }
Got to here class 5

29. mouseMotion.cpp modified point size and color for demo
point is created when button is pressed.
coordinates of point are modified as mouse is moved with the button down
point is added to the vector when button is released
currentPoint
Look at code.

30. Using the keyboard
glutKeyboardFunc(keyboardInput) - to register ordinary keyboard input
glutSpecialFunc(specialkeyInput) - to register F keys, arrow keys, page up and down.

31. keyboard functions keyboardInput(unsigned char key, int x, int y);
specialkeyInput(int key, int x, int y);
Lots of values for key for example:
GLUT_KEY_F4
GLUT_KEY_DOWN
GLUT_KEY_HOME

32. menus (popup) Run menus.cpp
glutCreateMenu(menuFunction) - registers menuFunction as a menu function and returns an ID number for that menu.
(Must be after the glutCreateWindow.)
prototype
void menuFunction(int value)
value is a number corresponding to the user's menu choice.

33. glutAddMenuEntry(tag, returnedValue);
tag is what it will say
returnedValue in the value that menuFunction will get as its argument.
eg:
glutAddMenuEntry("Quit",1);

34. glutAddSubMenu(tag, sub_menu)
tag is what it will say
sub_menu is the ID of the (sub)menu you want to pop up.
Awkward: need to create the submenu before the menu that calls it.

35. glutAttachMenu(button) - says which button brings up this menu
Run and look at code of menus.cpp
Don't forget to PostRedisplay() in the
menuFunction!

36. A state that needs to be enabled.
Line Stipples
A state that needs to be enabled.
glEnable(GL_LINE_STIPPLE);
glDisable(GL_LINE_STIPPLE);
Applies to all lines until you disable it.

37. glLineStipple(factor, pattern)
factor is a positive integer
pattern is the pattern, in hexidecimal
eg:
Reverse
0x972A Here factor is 1.

38. glLineStipple(factor, pattern)
If factor is 2, instead of 1
get

39. glut solids glutSolidSphere(radius, slices, stacks)
glutWireSphere(radius, slices, stacks)

40. all glut solids Run glutObjects.cpp

41. Equation of a plane ax + by + cz + d = 0
n⋅(p-p0)=0, d=-(ax0 + by0 + cz0)
Modified, from mathworld.wolfram.com/Plane.html

42. clipping planes glClipPlane(GL_CLIP_PLANEi, *equation)
equation is an array of a,b,c,d
glEnable(GL_CLIP_PLANEi);
glDisable(GL_CLIP_PLANEi);
See (x,y,z) only if ax+by+cz+d >=0
if drawn while enabled.
Run and look at clippingPlanes.cpp

43. gluPerspective(fovy,aspect, near, far)
like glFrustum
fovy - field of view angle
aspect ratio - width/height
near and far like glFrustum
symmetric about the z axis

44. gluPerspective(fovy,aspect,near,far)

45. glViewPort(x,y,w,h);
(x,y) lower left corner of viewport, in pixels, within the window
(w,h) width and height of viewport.
origin of window at lower left
glOrtho or glFrustum or ... apply to each viewport.
default viewport is the whole window
run viewports.cpp

46. canvas.cpp
put it all together!