1. Civil War and Reconstruction
SS8H5
b. State the importance of key events of the Civil War, Include Antietam, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia’s coast, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Andersonville.

2. Confederate fortifications, Yorktown, VA

3. The War Begins in 1861
In April of 1861, after South Carolina fights to keep Ft. Sumter, four more states secede from the Union and the Confederate States of America, CSA is formed.

4. Lincoln tries to Preserve the Union
Even though he faces opposition, Lincoln focuses on the preservation of the United States, (the Union)
He does not agree with slavery but does not want to initially push the issue
He takes volunteers and also begins using a draft to build up the army.
Both sides think if there is war, it will end quickly

5. The Confederacy President-Jefferson Davis
Vice President- Alexander Stephens (from GA)
The cabinet of the
Confederate States at
Montgomery,
1861 June 1 , Harpers
Weekly

6. Resources of Each Side North South 23 states 22 million people
Trained army(small) and navy
22,000 miles of Railroad track
100,000 factories with 1.1 million workers
11 states
9 million people(about 4 million were slaves)
No standing army or navy
9,000 miles of Railroad track
20,000 factories with 100,000 workers

7. Rating the North & the South

8. Resources: North & the South

9. WEAPONS
Rifle (muzzle loader) calls for a change in tactics, although most leaders are slow to grasp its impact and use Napoleonic tactics (shoulder to shoulder).
Rifled and smooth-bore artillery could be mass-produced. Ranges were well over a mile, though accuracy was not great at long ranges

10. Inventions/ Innovations
Telegraph
Ironclads
Aerial Reconnaissance
Gatling Gun
Railway
Canned food
Paper Money
Naval Mines and Torpedoes
Submarines
Trench Warfare

11. Typical Civil War Soldiers
Confederate
Union

12. Famous leader from the North
Became the
Commanding General
of the United States
Army from 1864 to
1865
Lee surrenders to
Grant at Appomattox
Elected the 18th
President
Graduated West
Point in 1843
Spent much of the
Civil War in the
Western Campaign
Aggressor/victor
in the Battle of
Shiloh and Vicksburg
U.S. Grant gen. U.S.A

13. Sherman, a Northern Leader
Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, after capturing Atlanta in 1864, led his “March to the Sea”

14. Brady, Mathew B., ca. 1823-1896,photographer
General Robert E. Lee
Graduated top in his class from
West Point and served on its faculty
Spent 32 years in the U.S. Army
Asked by Lincoln to serve as
Commander of the Union Army
Declined this offer when his home
State of VA seceded
Became senior military advisor to
President Davis of the CSA
Later became the commander of the
Confederate eastern army or “The
Army of Northern Virginia”
Loved by his troops and considered
one of the best military minds of his
time
Surrendered to Grant at Appomattox
Court House on April 9, 1865

15. Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson
Graduated from West Point in 1846,
and served in the U.S. Army
Corp commander of the Army of
Northern Virginia
Gifted and brilliant military mind,
became part of the faculty of VA
Military Institute
Shot at the Battle of Chancellorsville
and died eight days later of
pneumonia

16. The Progress of War:

17. Major Battles
1st Manassas/ 1st Bull Run: thinking an invasion of Richmond would bring a quick end to the war, the Union marches into VA
July 21, 1861
Jackson received his famous nickname “Stonewall” from this battle because he stood his ground like a stone wall

18. Battle of Antietam Creek/Sharpsburg, MD
One of few battles on Union soil
Bloodiest single day of fighting in all of US history
Three phases of fighting: corn field, sunken road and Antietam Creek bridge
McClellan fails to destroy Lee's army
Tactically inconclusive but Lincoln sees it as a positive event because Lee retreats back to VA so he issues his Emancipation Proclamation

19. Emancipation Proclamation, September 22, 1862
This document ultimately discouraged the British and French governments from helping the Confederacy
Lincoln uses his power as “Commander-in-Chief” to free the slaves in the Confederate States; he issued the executive order that the slaves of any state that did not return to the Union would be free
Slavery, not preserving the Union, is now a primary reason for fighting the war

20. Gettysburg Second battle on Union soil
Battle lasted three days, July 1-3, 1863
During the first day of fighting the Confederates were very successful, on the second the Union held their ground and on the third “Pickett’s Charge” was repulsed leaving Lee no other option but to retreat back to Virginia
Major turning point in the war due to heavy casualties, the Confederacy never regained enough replacements while the Union had many more men to draft

21. The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

22. Gettysburg Casualties

23. Chickamauga, GA September 19–20, 1863
One of the most significant Union defeats
Gen. Braxton Bragg should have followed the Union retreat to Chattanooga
Federal camp by the
Tennessee River,

24. Kennesaw Mt. and the Atlanta Campaign
Battle of Kennesaw Mt. was the last Confederate victory before Atlanta falls
fought on June 27, 1864
Johnston blocked Sherman’s path to Atlanta with fortifications on Kennesaw Mt.
The Union army eventually went around the Mt. and headed toward Atlanta, an important railroad and supply center for the Confederacy
September 2,1864, Atlanta falls to Union forces and this politically helps Lincoln get re-elected

25. Sherman’s March to the Sea
After Sherman captured Atlanta he sent his troops through GA to Savannah, Nov.-Dec. 1864
He operated without supply lines and took what he needed along the way, resulting in complete destruction of industry, infrastructure and civilian property (Total War)

26. Sherman’s March through Georgia` to the Sea, 1864

27. Andersonville, A Prisoner of War Camp
Andersonville was a Confederate POW camp that was overcrowded with too many prisoners and extremely undersupplied which caused many to die.

28. Andersonville, A Prisoner of War Camp
Andersonville was a Confederate POW camp that was overcrowded with too many prisoners and extremely undersupplied which caused many to die.

29. Civil War Deaths in Comparison to Other Wars
Civil War in 4 Minutes