1. Rock cycle
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5. Types of Rocks
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6. Igneous
Rocks formed when molten material (lava/magma) cools and hardens or crystalizes.
Found near volcanoes
Ex: Basalt, Granite, Obsidian, Pumice

7. Sedimentary
Rocks formed when sediment (weathered materials) accumulates and compacts and cements together.
Often form near water. You can often see layers, sand, pebbles, or stones in it.
FOSSILS
Ex: sandstone, limestone, conglomerate, coal.

8. Metamorphic
An existing rock (parent rock) that changes under intense Heat and Pressure
Form beneath earths surface.
May have ribbon-like features/crystals
Examples of Metamorphism:
Granite turns into Gneiss
Sandstone Quartzite
Limestone Marble
Shale Slate Schist.

9. Rocks
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10. ROCKS ARE Minerals or groups of minerals bound together in solid form.
THREE TYPES of rocks, classified based on HOW they form:
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Igneous

12. ROCK CYCLE VOCAB:
Rock Cycle – repeated series of events that shows how rocks are formed and how they change from one type to another.
Weathering – breakdown of rock into sediments.
Erosion – transportation or movement of sediments to a new location.
Deposition – dropping/depositing those sediments in a new location.
Sedimentation – when sediments “settle” or deposit out of a liquid (basically deposition in water)

13. ROCK CYCLE VOCAB:
Compaction – when sediments are squeezed together by the weight of sediments that are on top of them.
Cementation – “binding” of sediments and rock particles together (like gluing sediments together)
Lithification – when sediments are compacted and cemented together to form a sedimentary rock.
Crystallization – molten material cools to form crystals. SAME as HARDENING. Process that turns liquid (magma) to a solid (rock).
Subduction – when one tectonic plate SINKS beneath another.

14. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ARE
Formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments. Sedimentary rocks are classified based on the TYPE OF SEDIMENT that forms them:

19. METAMORPHIC ROCKS ARE
formed from intense heat and pressure Metamorphic rocks are classified based on CHARACTERISTICS

23. IGNEOUS ROCKS ARE
formed from cooling/hardening of molten material Igneous rocks are classified based on WHERE they form:

27. IGNEOUS INTRUSIONS
Igneous Intrusions: a rock mass that forms when magma cools inside the Earth’s interior.

28. IGNEOUS INTRUSIONS

29. Types of Magma
Felsic (GRANITIC) – thick and slow moving. Contains large amounts of silica (SiO₂) and smaller amounts of calcium, iron, and magnesium. Typically forms light-colored rocks. EXAMPLES: granite, rhyolite

30. Types of Magma
Intermediate – magma is between felsic and mafic and has characteristics of both. Colors tend to be medium grays and greens. EXAMPLES: diorite, andesite

31. Types of Magma
Mafic (BASALTIC) – hotter, thinner, and more fluid. Contains large amounts of iron and magnesium and much lower amounts of silica. Form dark-colored rocks. EXAMPLES: gabbro, basalt