1. The Making of Europe
The Middle Ages:
Week 1

2. The Early Middle Ages This period can be seen as an overlap of epochs.
1. Late Antiquity: AD
2. Middle Ages: AD
The development saw the Birth of Western European Society & Culture.

3. The Byzantine Empire The Roman Empire continued in the East.AD
The crossroads between Asia & Europe. Constantinople became an epicenter of culture.

5. Justinian: 527-565 One of the greats among Byzantine Emperors.
1. Revised Roman Law: CJC
2. Builds the Hagia Sophia
3. Married Theodora

7. The Recruiter Theodora: helped his career prosper immensely.
Tribonian: the great lawyer
Bellasrius: the successful warrior
John the Cappodocian: the shrewd banker

8. Corpus Juris Civilis
Justinian’s platform to codify Roman Law in Byzantium
The Body of Civil Law
Attacked Monophysites as a Heresy.
Procopius: Historian recording this era. Wrote the The Secret History

9. Theodora Prostitute from the outskirts of the Empire.
Very powerful and persuasive woman
Died young, before Justinian

10. Orthodoxy The Eastern Church was rooted in Orthodox Christianity.
Hagia Sophia

11. The Conquests
Justinian attempted to restore the Roman Empire to what it was in Antiquity.
Belisarius: Chief Soldier goes on a series of expeditions to re-conquer Roman territory.

13. The Rise of Islam The Prophet Muhammad 570-632
Received a calling in the desert in 610 AD.
Islam: Submission to Allah
Muslim: submissive will
Qur’an or Koran

14. Arabia Muhammad quickly converted Arabia.
Islam unified Arab culture by force.
Uncompromisingly monotheistic.

15. Koran Dictated by Muhammad, during his pilgrimages.
The Word of Allah, states his will.

16. Mecca The black stone that Muhammad found in 613 AD.
Muslims are required to make a trip there at least once in their lifetime.

18. The Birth of Western Europe
Pirenne Thesis: Exams Egyptian papyri to see what was being imported and exported into the West
Islamic invasion differ from Barbarians…no mixing of culture
Marginalization of Western Europe

19. The Uniqueness of Gaul 400s AD - Franks take over Gaul
486 AD - United under Clovis I
AD - Merovingian Dynasty
Gregory of Tours - The History of the Franks

20. Merovingian Gaul Clovis: half human and sea monster
Strength and Vitality.
Epic Quality
Civilization Process

21. The Kingdom Signs of Civilization
Method of writing Merovingian minuscule.
Salic Law
Cities - still small

22. Charles Martel: 736-751 Mayor of the Palace
The “Hammer” defeats Muslims.
Pepin the Short - Charles’ son
Carolingian Dynasty

23. Charlemagne: 768-814 Aachen builds his city and palace.
Einhard - personal historian
Divides Gaul & Germania into counties…250 counts

24. Holy Roman Empire Christmas Day 800 Leo III crowns Charlemagne
Holy Roman Emperor
Church / State

25. Carolingian Renaissance
Significant change in minuscule
More refined
Court & Estate System
Counts and Cities
Missi Dominici

26. The Father of Europe
Charlemagne’s nickname at court was David . Why is this significant?
Why did Pope Leo III so willingly crown Charlemagne?
What event does Charlemagne’s rule allude to?

27. Development of Western Europe
Henri Pirenne: Muhammad and Charlemagne.
"Without Islam, the Frankish Empire would have probably never existed, and Charlemagne, without Muhammad, would be inconceivable".

28. Next Week
Understand the underlining cause of the Agricultural Revolution.
Define Manorialism and Feudalism.
Describe the events of Norman Conquest and the Investiture Controversy.