1. Indian Wars “I'm just a Buffalo Soldier In the heart of America
Stolen from Africa, brought to America”
--Bob Marley

2. White Migration west
During the later 1800s, relations with Indians continued to decline due to white migration west
Migration took away valuable hunting grounds, breaking land treaties and destroying the “lifeblood” of the Indians on the plains  the Buffalo
Buffalo Soldier – African Americans cavalry regiments named by the Indians who greatly respected these soldiers
20% of U.S. Cavalry troopers were Black, and fought over 177 engagements

3. War begins
Conflict between the United States and Indian tribes began as early as the 1860s as Indians began raiding trade routes and settlements during the Colorado Gold Rush.

4. The west becomes white
After these Indian Wars end, white-settlers successfully settled the West and the expense of the Indians and their cultural heritage.
By 1890, the “frontier” was officially closed, as settlement of the West by white-settlers was complete.