1. Lecture 18
SORTING in Hardware

2. Sorting
GPO2
GPI2
LED
Switches
SSEG
Buttons

3. Sorting - Required Interface
Clock
Resetn
DataIn N
DataOut
Done
RAdd L
WrInit S
(0=initialization
1=computations) Rd

4. Sorting - Required Interface

5. Simulation results for the sort operation (1) Loading memory and starting sorting

6. Simulation results for the sort operation (2) Completing sorting and reading out memory

7. Sorting - Example During Sorting 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2
After
sorting
Before
sorting
i=0 i=0 i=0 i=1 i=1 i=2
j=1 j=2 j=3 j=2 j=3 j=3
Address 1 2 3
Legend:
position of memory
indexed by i
position of memory
indexed by j Mi Mj

8. Pseudocode [load input data] wait for s=1 [load input data]
FOR k = 4
FOR any k ≥ 2
[load input data]
wait for s=1
[load input data]
wait for s=1
for i = to 2 do
for i = to k - 2 do A = Mi ; A = Mi ;
for j = i + 1 to 3 do
for j = i + 1 to k – 1 do B = Mj ; B = Mj ; if B
< A
then if B
< A
then Mi = B ; Mi = B ; Mj = A ; Mj = A ; A = Mi ; A = Mi ;
endif ;
endif ;
endfor;
endfor;
endfor;
endfor;
Done
wait for s=0
[read output data]
go to the beginning
Done
wait for s=0
[read output data]
go to the beginning

9. Pseudocode wait for s=1 for i=0 to k-2 do A = Mi for j=i+1 to k-1 do
B = Mj
if A > B then
Mi = B
Mj = A
end if
end for
Done
wait for s=0
go to the beginning

10. Structure of a Typical Digital System
Data Inputs
Control Inputs
Control
Signals
Datapath
(Execution
Unit)
Controller
(Control
Unit)
Status
Signals
Data Outputs
Control Outputs

11. Hardware Design with RTL VHDL
Pseudocode
Interface
Datapath
Controller
ASM
chart
Block
diagram
VHDL code
VHDL code

12. Steps of the Design Process
Text description
Interface
Pseudocode
Block diagram of the Datapath
Interface divided into the Datapath and Controller
ASM chart of the Controller
RTL VHDL code of the Datapath, Controller, and Top-level Unit
Testbench for the Datapath, Controller, and Top-Level Unit
Functional simulation and debugging
Integration with the FPro System
Hardware
Software
Synthesis and Implementation
Experimental testing using FPGA board

13. Contest for the Fastest Implementation of Sorting
Bonus points will be awarded to students who perform sorting (correctly) using the smallest number of clock cycles in hardware and/or software
Possible optimizations:
Faster sorting algorithms in software
Efficient C implementation
Faster sorting algorithms in hardware
Efficient VHDL implementation

14. SORTING
solutions

15. Block diagram of the Datapath

16. Block diagram of the Datapath
DataIn
RAdd
ABMux N L N L Ei EN 1
Resetn s s Li LD
RST
CLK
Din s
Clock
WrInit +1
Csel
DIN We WE Ej EN
Addr L
Resetn
ADDR i Lj LD
RST Wr 1
CLK
Clock
CLK
Clock 1 L
DOUT L j 1 N
Mij EA EB
= k-2
= k-1 EN
CLK
RST
Resetn EN
Resetn
RST
CLK
Clock
Clock Rd zi N N zj N 1
Bout A B
DataOut
A>B
Block diagram of the Datapath
AgtB

17. Interface with the division into the Datapath and Controller
RAddr
DataIn
WrInit
Clock Rd
Resetn s N L
AgtB zi zj
Datapath
Controller Wr Li Ei Lj Ej EA EB
Bout
Csel N
DataOut
Done

18. ASM Chart of the Controller

19. Timing Waveforms Explaining the Need for State S3