1. Energy Test Review
Biology 1
Unit 5

2. Major Definitions Photosynthesis Chlorophyll Cellular Respiration
Process by which a plant converts solar energy into chemical energy
Chlorophyll
Green pigment found in leaves of plants that absorbs light energy
Cellular Respiration
Process that converts chemical energy in nutrients into chemical energy in the form of ATP
Fermentation
Process of breaking down pyruvate/pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen

3. Major Definitions Kreb’s Cycle Glycolysis Electron Transport Chain
Process of breaking down pyruvate/pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
Glycolysis
Process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate/pyruvic acid and ATP
Electron Transport Chain
Series of chemical reactions ending with hydrogen combining with oxygen to produce water; each reaction produces ATP

4. Photosynthesis Write the overall equation for photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6H2O –(light) C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the source of oxygen produced in photosynthesis?
Water molecules being split during the light reaction
What are the products of photosynthesis?
Glucose, oxygen
Also makes ADP/NADP+ to be reused in the light reaction
What is the ultimate source of energy for all living things on Earth?
The sun

5. Photosynthesis Where is photosynthesis performed?
Chloroplast of plant leaves
During photosynthesis, what is the series of reactions to create glucose, or complex carbohydrates?
Light-Independent Reaction, Dark Reaction or Calvin Cycle
During photosynthesis, what can be produced from the products of the dark reaction?
ATP and NADPH from ADP and NADP+

6. Cellular Respiration What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
Glucose and oxygen
What occurs during the glycolysis stage of cellular respiration?
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate molecules or pyruvic acid
What is produced when muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of oxygen?
Lactic acid

7. Cellular Respiration What are the two stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis then respiration, either aerobic or anaerobic
In what organisms does alcoholic fermentation take place?
Yeast and bacteria
Where does glycolysis occur?
cytoplasm
Where does aerobic respiration occur?
mitochondria

8. Cellular Respiration Name the stages of cellular respiration.
Glycolysis then respiration
Aerobic respiration  Kreb’s cycle and ETC
Anaerobic respiration  lactic acid fermentation or alcohol fermentation
The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of what?
Cellular respiration
What does the Kreb’s Cycle produce?
Carbon dioxide, 2 ATP

9. Cellular Respiration
Water is an end product of what part of cellular respiration?
Electron Transport Chain
Cellular respiration begins in the cytoplasm and ends in the ____.
mitochondria
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O ATP

10. ATP/ADP How many phosphate groups make up ATP?
three
What is the biological importance of ATP?
Energy carrier molecule. It stores energy
When ATP loses its energy in a phosphate bond, what does it become?
ADP
What are the 3 parts of ATP?
A nitrogenous base (adenine), sugar (ribose), and 3 phosphate groups

11. ATP/ADP
When cells break down food molecules, what happens to the energy?
It gets stored as ATP
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
How many ATP molecules are produced during cellular respiration?
34-36 ATP
What happens when ATP releases a phosphate group?
It releases the energy that was stored

12. Test
58 Total questions
55 multiple choice including some from other tests
3 short answer
Experimental design problem
General photosynthesis question
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration relationship question