2. The Colonies in BNA

3. The two largest colonies in Canada were Upper Canada and Lower Canada (refer to your map)
Upper Canada was English
Lower Canada was French

4. Life in Upper Canada
Immigrants moved due to war and poor conditions in Europe
Many were told they would have a better life in the Colonies
BUT life was hard…

5. Life in Upper Canada
First, you had to clear dense forests for farm space
They had no servants and had to do the back breaking labour themselves
not happy 

7. At the same time, First Nations leaders of the Mohawks in Upper Canada were concerned that their land was being sold
Attempted to sign treaties to protect their land

8. The Family Compact small group of wealthy officials
controlled government
owned best land

9. Life in Lower Canada Lower Canada (Quebec)
French speaking and French culture separate from the rest of the colonies

10. Problems in Lower Canada
the government was English speaking
Gradual loss of language and religion
the undemocratic rule of Britain was becoming intolerable

11. The Chateau Clique similar to Upper Canada’s Family Compact
French land owners and wealthy British
Hold all the power – needs of everyday people ignored.

12. Lower Canada: Nationalism
feelings of nationalism were strengthened
Need to protect culture, religion and language
Separate from English

13. Need for Government Reform-Upper and Lower Canada
1. Colonial rule was not democratic it was an Oligarchy (small group of ruling elites)
2. There was a governor to represent the colonies but he had more in common with the aristocracy than colonists

14. 3. Males with property could elect a legislative assembly (seems democratic)
4. Governor could veto any laws passed by assembly
(sound familiar?)

15. Tension Builds – Upper Canada
People were upset with lack of roads and land
Set a list of grievances blaming the Family Compact and demanding change
They were ignored and writers sent out of the colony

16. Tension Builds – Lower Canada
discrimination against the French (Engish government)
lack of representation in government
Begin to rebel

17. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia
Small, wealthy colonies
Strong ocean-based economy
Strong British ties

18. Halifax and Saint John busy port cities
Populations – English and French, Scots, Irish, Mi’kmaq and Maliseet Nations

19. Felt self-sufficient
Politically organized
More tied to Britain

20. Prince Edward Island

21. Made up of small agricultural communities
Self-sufficient – many residents had never left the island
Rich, fertile land = farming is main export
potatoes, livestock, grains

22. Land Problems in P.E.I Problems with absentee landlords
a person who owns and rents out profit- earning property but does not live in the region

23. Ownership of the land remained in the hands of landlords in England
angering Island settlers who were unable to gain title to land on which they worked and lived.

24. People are suspicious of outsiders
Happy with independence – generally not interested in a union

25. Newfoundland

26. Newfoundland Largely unknown to the other colonies Mostly uninhabited
Closely linked to Britain
Trades fish with Britain in exchange for manufactured goods

27. Seal hunting and fishing were backbone of economy but they are declining
Many Newfoundlanders are poor
Reliant on Britain for trade and protection- worried about Britain weakening ties