1. Key Issue #2: Why does development vary by gender?
Chapter 9: Development
Key Issue #2: Why does development vary by gender?

2. Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Chapter Key Issue #2
The UN has not found a single country in the world where women are treated as well as men.
Some countries have achieved near-equality
The higher the GII, the greater the inequality
A score of 0 means that women and men fare equally
A score of 1.0 means that women fare as poor as possible in all measures

3. Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Chapter Key Issue #2
The UN has not found a single country in the world where women are treated as well as men.
Some countries have achieved near-equality
The higher the GII, the greater the inequality
A score of 0 means that women and men fare equally
A score of 1.0 means that women fare as poor as possible in all measures

4. Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Chapter Key Issue #2
The UN has not found a single country in the world where women are treated as well as men.
Some countries have achieved near-equality
The higher the GII, the greater the inequality
A score of 0 means that women and men fare equally
A score of 1.0 means that women fare as poor as possible in all measures

5. Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Chapter Key Issue #2
The UN has not found a single country in the world where women are treated as well as men.
Some countries have achieved near-equality
The higher the GII, the greater the inequality
A score of 0 means that women and men fare equally
A score of 1.0 means that women fare as poor as possible in all measures

6. Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Chapter Key Issue #2
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
Central Asia
Southwest Asia
10 European countries have a GII of less than 0.1
Countries with a high HDI have a low GII
Highest (worst), mostly due to Reproductive Health

7. Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Chapter Key Issue #2
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
Central Asia
Southwest Asia
10 European countries have a GII of less than 0.1
Countries with a high HDI have a low GII
Highest (worst), mostly due to Reproductive Health

8. Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Chapter Key Issue #2
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
Central Asia
Southwest Asia
10 European countries have a GII of less than 0.1
Countries with a high HDI have a low GII
Highest (worst), mostly due to Reproductive Health

9. Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Chapter Key Issue #2
GII Factors j
Empowerment
Labor Force
Reproductive Health

10. Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Chapter Key Issue #2
GII Factors j
Empowerment
Labor Force
Reproductive Health

11. Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Chapter Key Issue #2
GII Factors j
Empowerment
Labor Force
Reproductive Health

13. Empowerment

15. Percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature
Empowerment
Chapter Key Issue #2
Percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature

16. Percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature
Empowerment
Chapter Key Issue #2
Percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature
Europe has the highest at 25%

17. Percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature
Empowerment
Chapter Key Issue #2
Percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature
Europe has the highest at 25%
1/6 (16%) in the U.S. in 2012 – Lower than many developing regions

18. Percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature
Empowerment
Chapter Key Issue #2
Percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature
Europe has the highest at 25%
1/6 (16%) in the U.S. in 2012 – Lower than many developing regions
Increased up to 19.5% in 2017 (highest ever in the U.S.)

20. Percentage of women who have completed high school
Empowerment
Chapter Key Issue #2
Percentage of women who have completed high school

21. Percentage of women who have completed high school
Empowerment
Chapter Key Issue #2
Percentage of women who have completed high school
In North America, more girls graduate from high school than boys

22. Percentage of women who have completed high school
Empowerment
Chapter Key Issue #2
Percentage of women who have completed high school
In North America, more girls graduate from high school than boys
Boys are slightly ahead in Europe

23. Percentage of women who have completed high school
Empowerment
Chapter Key Issue #2
Percentage of women who have completed high school
In North America, more girls graduate from high school than boys
Boys are slightly ahead in Europe
LDC’s – Boys much more likely to graduate.

24. Labor Force

26. Female Participation Rate
Chapter Key Issue #2
Percentage of women holding full time jobs outside of the home.

27. Female Participation Rate
Chapter Key Issue #2
Percentage of women holding full time jobs outside of the home.
75/100 in MDC’s

28. Female Participation Rate
Chapter Key Issue #2
Percentage of women holding full time jobs outside of the home.
75/100 in MDC’s
65/100 in LDC’s

29. Female Participation Rate
Chapter Key Issue #2
Percentage of women holding full time jobs outside of the home.
75/100 in MDC’s
65/100 in LDC’s
SW Asia & North Africa – 35/100

30. Female Participation Rate
Chapter Key Issue #2
Percentage of women holding full time jobs outside of the home.
75/100 in MDC’s
65/100 in LDC’s
SW Asia & North Africa – 35/100
Ironically, Sub-Saharan Africa – 77/100 (mostly agriculture – even with the world’s highest fertility rates)

31. Reproductive Health

33. Maternal Mortality Ratio
Chapter Key Issue #2
The number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births

34. Maternal Mortality Ratio
Chapter Key Issue #2
The number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births
15/100,000 in MDC’s

35. Maternal Mortality Ratio
Chapter Key Issue #2
The number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births
15/100,000 in MDC’s
140/100,000 in LDC’s

36. Maternal Mortality Ratio
Chapter Key Issue #2
The number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births
15/100,000 in MDC’s
140/100,000 in LDC’s
150/100,000 in Sub-Saharan Africa

37. Maternal Mortality Ratio
Chapter Key Issue #2
The number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births
15/100,000 in MDC’s
140/100,000 in LDC’s
150/100,000 in Sub-Saharan Africa
UN estimates that 150,000 women and 1.6 million children die between the onset of labor and the 48 hours after birth

39. Adolescent Fertility Rate
Chapter Key Issue #2
Number of births per 1,000 women ages

40. Adolescent Fertility Rate
Chapter Key Issue #2
Number of births per 1,000 women ages
20/1,000 in MDC’s (lowest is Europe: 8/1,000)

41. Adolescent Fertility Rate
Chapter Key Issue #2
Number of births per 1,000 women ages
20/1,000 in MDC’s (lowest is Europe: 8/1,000)
60/1,000 in LDC’s (Sub-Saharan Africa: Greater than 100)

42. Adolescent Fertility Rate
Chapter Key Issue #2
Number of births per 1,000 women ages
20/1,000 in MDC’s (lowest is Europe: 8/1,000)
60/1,000 in LDC’s (Sub-Saharan Africa: Greater than 100)
My graduating class: 16/60

43. Adolescent Fertility Rate
Chapter Key Issue #2
Number of births per 1,000 women ages
20/1,000 in MDC’s (lowest is Europe: 8/1,000)
60/1,000 in LDC’s (Sub-Saharan Africa: Greater than 100)
My graduating class: 16/60 = 267/1,000

45. Gender Inequality Trends
Chapter Key Issue #2
Declined in almost every country since 1990’s

46. Gender Inequality Trends
Chapter Key Issue #2
Declined in almost every country since 1990’s
U.S. ranks 8th in HDI but GII ranks 47th

47. Gender Inequality Trends
Chapter Key Issue #2
Declined in almost every country since 1990’s
U.S. ranks 8th in HDI but GII ranks 47th
Maternal Mortality Rate is lower than Europe and Canada (24/100,000)

48. Gender Inequality Trends
Chapter Key Issue #2
Declined in almost every country since 1990’s
U.S. ranks 8th in HDI but GII ranks 47th
Maternal Mortality Rate is lower than Europe and Canada (24/100,000)
Low percentage of women in legislature (19% of the seats)

49. Gender Inequality Trends
Chapter Key Issue #2
Declined in almost every country since 1990’s
U.S. ranks 8th in HDI but GII ranks 47th
Maternal Mortality Rate is lower than Europe and Canada (24/100,000)
Low percentage of women in legislature (19% of the seats)
Canada has 27%

50. End of Key Issue #2