1. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: [WBAN = Mobile Femto-cell]
Date Submitted: [16 January 2009]
Source: [S.M. Ryu, D.Y. Kim, C.S. Eun, & H.S. Lee] Company [Casuh, Chungnam Univ., ETRI]
Address [#813 Leaders B/D, 342-1, Bundang, Seongnam, Kyeonggi, , Korea]
Voice: [ , ], FAX: [ , ]
Re: [Contribution to IEEE Meeting, January 2009]
Abstract: [In the future, WBAN and 5G communication system would not be separated systems To increase mobile channel capacity, it is inevitable to reduce cell size. If we reduce cell size to 3m radius femto-cell, then the base station becomes a body coordinator. Therefore we should consider 5G communication phenomena during considering WBAN standard.]
Purpose: [Proposal]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P

2. WBAN = Mobile Femto-cell
In the future, WBAN and 5G communication system would not be separated systems.
To increase mobile channel capacity,
it is inevitable to reduce cell size.
If we reduce cell size to 3m radius femto-cell, then the base station becomes a body coordinator.
Therefore we should consider 5G communication phenomena during considering WBAN standard.
January 2009
S. M. Ryu
CASUH
D. Y. Kim, C.S. Eun
CNU
H. S. Lee
ETRI

3. How to increase mobile channel capacity ?
Find new frequencies not developed yet ; no more available
Find new signal processing techniques ; only few times increasable
But we need few hundreds times capacity or more
The only way to achieve few thousand times capacity ; reduce cell size
3Km
Macro .
300m
Micro
30m
Pico
Femto 3m
Ubiquitous World  Personal Mobile Space (WBAN)
Macro
Micro
Pico
Femto
Capacity 1
100
10,000
Low Power
Personal Space
Mobility
Tx Power
1/1,000
1/1,000,000

4. Body Coordinator  Mobile Femto-cell
Body Master
Body coordinator is not a suitable concept.
Synchronous frames can reject mutual interference among RFs .
So, Body coordinator should synchronize all of body devices.
Better to rename body coordinator as “Body Master”.

5. Body Master Operation

6. Power Shift by Generation
distributor
Consumer
Governing
Space
Producer
Internet
User
distributor
Producer
Consumer
Revolution
User
internet
distributor
Producer
Producer
Industry
Revolution
Consumer
distributor
Consumer=Producer
Homemade
Products
Product
Ads
broadcasting
Private Ads
Google
PicoCast
The market of Google is effective only when customer exists in front of the monitor
What will be the next Google market ???

7. Paradigm Shift : User Oriented
Provider Oriented
User Oriented
u-City
WiBro
Mobile
Phone
WiBro
IPTV
RFID
USN
DMB
VoIP
u-City
Home
Network
Home
Network
IPTV
Infra
Ubiquitous
Mobile
VoIP
RFID
USN
DMB
Mobile
Phone
User terminals should meet
provider specifications
Users select among services
broadcast by providers

8. Market Initiative  WBAN
Mobile
Wired
Broad-
casting
Internet
Mobile
Wired
Broad-
casting
Wired
Broad-
casting
Wired
Mobile
Broad-
casting
Int er
net
WLAN
Femto
IPTV
Appliance
Home
VoIP
IPTV
Femto
Mobile
VoIP
WLAN
Mobile Femto-cell
Mobile
Internet
WBAN
User oriented Ubiquitous : Mobile Femto-cell

9. Mobile Femto-cell = Body Master
Home Appliances PC ?
Body Master
Mobile Femto-cell =
User Oriented Service Convergence
IPTV
Mobile Phone
Wired

10. Body Master Mobility S e d h C g A a B c b f
To reduce mutual interference, mutual synchronization is necessary

11. Issues in WBAN Work Scope
Medical
Very high QoS
Non-medical
High Speed
Arrange Requirements
List up user requirements
Check realizability
If no, reduce requirements
APP
Full Single MAC
Challenges & Opportunities
In-body / Out-body Interference
Multiple MAC or Single MAC ?
Compromise power & speed
Medical / Non-medical support
MAC
Hybrid Dual MAC
Independent Multiple MAC
400MHz
~ Kbps
2.4GHz
~Mbps
UWB
~10Mbps
Choose existing technique
Select good chip
Enhance antenna matching
Reduce system size & Good design
PHY
Add process gain for medical use ?

12. Solutions for Challenges
1. In-body / Out-body Interference
Chg. : Even though difference frequency band interfere each other
Sol. : Synchronized Frame can reject mutual interference among PHYs
128bit multi preamble is necessary to enhance sync. probability
2. Single MAC to support Multi-PHYs
Chg. : Single PHY cannot meet so wide user requirements
Sol. : Multi preamble is useful to support scalable data rate
Synchronized Frame can support different PHYs without interference
3. Compromise Power & Speed
Chg. : Low power sensor and High speed multimedia should support
Sol. : Multi PHY concept can support Multi RF Block
Sensor use single RF Block, Multimedia use multi RF Block’s
4. Medical / Non-Medical Dual support
Chg. : Medical needs BER performance with low speed
Sol. : 128bit Multi preamble provides enough Process Gain
We can use 128bit multi preambles as 7bit data symbols

13. How to avoid mutual interference
Unified Frame R T R T T R R T R T I0 R T R T I1 I2 I3 O1 O2

14. Multiple Preamble Concept
Fixed
Multiple
Variable
Sync Aide
Lock time
Preamble
Header
Message
EOF
Conventional Frame Structure
Sync Aide
& Command
Lock time
Preamble
Header
Message
EOF
Suggested Frame Structure
Multiple Preamble contains short message

15. False Alarm & False Dismissal Probability for WBAN
64bit is not enough but 128 bit is too high ; so we suggest multi Preamble

16. Process Gain for Medical Use
~7dB
Non-Medical
Medical
Spread
Spectrum
Block
~14dB
Medical
~Kbps
Non-Medical
100Kbps
Environment SNR might be under the 0 dB

17. Single Baseband for Multi PHY(RF) Concept
Frequency Diversity
High speed Tx with narrow band RF
RF #1 f1 4M
Frame
Format
Mux/
Demux
RF #2 f2 4M RF
combiner
12Mbps
16M
RF #3 f3 4M
RF #4 f4
32MHz 4M

18. Frame Error Rate & Sync Loss Table
# of frame error / # of Sync loss
Test
Path
Diversity
Mode
Diversity Number 1 2 3 4 5
Case A
Mode 1
5390 / 646
1563 / 29
667 / 3
282 / 0
210 / 0
Mode 2
3123 / 602
2293 / 316
2022 / 253
1874 / 230
1758 / 214
Mode 3
4506 / 1096
3258 / 902
2868 / 848
2666 / 825
2541 / 811
Case B
2700 / 329
106 / 2
9 / 0
1 / 0
0 / 0
3601 / 601
2487 / 303
2136 / 254
1945 / 237
1816 / 229
2361 / 422
1706 / 185
1457 / 135
1310 / 125
1215 / 111
Case C
8264 / 1272
3545 / 101
1536 / 8
637 / 0
480 / 0
4648 / 724
3416 / 424
2976 / 363
2750 / 332
2580 / 309
5640 / 961
4287 / 614
3749 / 514
3461 / 460
3280 / 418

19. Frame Structure example for scalable data rate
2msec
250μsec
128μsec
64μ 8μ
1500μsec
50μ
Lock
Preamble
Tag AA
Payload
EOF
1Mbps
250K ~ 4Mbps
Basic data rate
Scalable data rate
750K / 1M
1.5M / 2M
3M / 4M
6M / 8M
12M / 16M
Overhead : Payload = 1 : 3
Payload Data Speed = 750Kbps ; 1MHz clock

20. Frame Structure example for different PHY
Lock
128 bit Preamble
Tag
‘AA’
Payload
EOF
1Mbps
250K ~ 4Mbps
250μsec
128μsec
64μ
1500μsec
50μ
2msec 8μ
Basic data rate for 2.4GHz
Scalable data rate
Lock
16bit Preamble
Tag
‘o’
Payload
EOF
125Kbps
1Kbps(Medical) / 125Kbps(Nonmedical)
Basic data rate for 400MHz
Dual Mode data rate
Lock
32bit Preamble
Tag
‘10’
Payload
EOF
250Kbps
2Kbps(Medical) / 250Kbps(Nonmedical)
Basic data rate for 700 or 900MHz
Dual Mode data rate

21. Additional Considerations for WBAN
Power Control
Fast paring
Mutual Sync.
Role Exchange
QoS Check
Emergency Alarm
Hand-over
Pico 3m
30m
Femto
Through Body 3m = Forward Body 30m

22. Conclusion WBAN body master will work like a mobile femto-cell.
Increasing mobile channel capacity will reduce the cell size as small as possible
Mutual interference among Bodies must be solved.
Additional WBAN conditions should be considered for future market.
How to minimize the mutual interference among the crowded moving bodies ?
How to minimize initial sync time & how to maintain synchronized status ?
Who will be the super master and govern areal bodies ?
The WBAN standard should include items as follows ;
Interference cancelling in-body, on-body, out-body, & among-body
Single MAC to support multi PHY for wide user requirements
Compromise conflicting items (power & high speed; medical & nonmedical)
New suggestions are submitted for chaos WBAN standard
Synchronous frame to reject interference in-, on-, out-, & among Bodies
Multi preamble to enhance synchronization probability & for special purposes
Multi RF & frame structure to compromise conflicting items