2. Coastal Plains

3. Karankawa (Gulf Coastal )
Lived in the coastal plains near the Gulf
Got their food by fishing-ate fish, shellfish, and small animals
Lived in Wood Framed Homes with woven grass walls
Had appointed chiefs to lead villages
Nomads, made dugout canoes, died out from European diseases
Click on picture

4. Karankawas
Lived in the are of Galveston to Corpus Christi near the Gulf.
Their clothes were made out of deerskin, grass, or moss.
Men would pierce pieces of sharpened bone through their lips and chest to show how macho they were.
Taller Indians so they carried bows that were up to 6 feet tall.

5. Karankawas Gathered food by fishing
Ate fish, shellfish and small animals
Lived in wood framed homes with woven grass walls called Wigwams
Had appointed chiefs to lead the villages
Nomads and hunter-gatherers
Died out from European diseases

6. Scavengers of the desert…ate anything that wiggled or crawled.
Coahuiltecans –
hunted and gathered
food in south Texas.
Nomadic: covered long distances following buffalo, deer and small animals; fished, and ate seeds, berries, roots, plants, nuts, insects, lizards, snakes, spiders and worms
did not build permanent homes; worked hard, but liked to gather for feasting and dancing.
Scavengers of the desert…ate anything that wiggled or crawled.

7. Southeastern Tribes

8. Caddo Tribal Song click on picture
Caddo (Plains Group)
Lived in the coastal plains and gave Texas its name
Expert farmers, who practiced crop rotation.
-Grew beans, corn, squash, melons and tobacco
Lived permanent Grass Huts made out of wooden frames and dry grasses
-Organized their tribe as a confederacy (religious, political, healers/crafts people)
-both men and women tattooed and painted their bodies
-Built religious mounds and temples
-non-nomadic
Caddo Tribal Song click on picture
Jumano Tribe Tribute
Click on shape

9. Atakapans -settled between the Caddo and Gulf of Mexico
-Farmers- main crop was corn
Hunted wild game and alligator
Thought to have lived in huts made from brush
Non-nomadic

10. Comanche Fierce warriors
Originally lived in western US-Migrated to Great Plains after acquiring horses
Lived in bands and not a tribe- each band had a head peace chief
During wars and raid- the best fighter/rider would become leader called a war chief
Thought to be the most skilled horsemen of all Indians.
Skilled buffalo hunters- soon controlled much of the plains because of their skills
Only about 1% can still speak their language today.
Mostly nomadic

11. Puebloan Tribes

12. Jumano (Pueblo Group)
Lived in large villages with permanent houses made of Adobe, called Adobe Pueblos
Lived in the mountains near the Rio Grande River
Farmers- grew corn, squash and gathered wild plants
Hunted buffalo
Each village had a leader with its own government
traded with other tribes
Used bows and arrows and clubs in battle
Click on picture

13. Plains Tribes Stretch from Canada to Southeastern Texas
Many Plains Indians became excellent
Horsemen
It would take several arrows to bring down one buffalo because of their size.

14. Witchita
Called themselves “Kitikiti'sh”-meaning raccoon-eyed because they (tattooed eyes)
Settled along Red River
Farmers-beans, corn, melons and squash.
Horseman, used horse to hunt buffalo
Lived in permanent villages with similar houses to Caddo

15. Apache Indians Migrated to Texas from Canada, just east of the Pecos
The word Apache is thought to be Zuni-meaning “enemy”
After acquiring the horse from the Spanish they moved farther south into the Hill Country following Buffalo.
Apache men tied feathers and decorations to hair
Men had no facial hair
Women wore earrings
The Comanche warriors eventually pushed the Apache out splitting them into two tribes
The Lipan and Mescalero
Apache Indians

16. Lipan Apache (Plains Group)
Originated in Canada but migrated to the Great Plains- South Texas
Skilled horsemen
Got their food by hunting mostly buffalo
-were also farmers which was unusual for Apache
Lived in teepees (usually made of about 8 hides)
One chief led the tribe
Nomads, made pottery, moved to reservation in early 1900’s
Click on picture
Lipan Warrior

17. American Indians in Texas
Caddo-Atakapan
Karankawa-Coahuiltecan
Jumano-Tigua
Apache
Witchita
Comanche
Chris Aigner