1. Looking West 1.4.1 Write Objectives
Identify the economic and social factors that spurred migration to the West.
Examine the social consequences of massive migration and immigration to the West.
Describe the changing role of women that resulted from widespread settlement of the frontier.
Analyze the impact of widespread settlement in the West on American Indians, and their efforts to resist incursion.

2. Transcontinental Railroad- Freedman- Homestead Act- Prospector-
Define or Describe
Boomtown-
Cowboy-
Transcontinental Railroad-
Freedman-
Homestead Act-
Prospector-
Chinese Immigrants-
Open Range-
Towns that grew almost overnight
Works on a ranch taking care of cattle
American railroad that connects East & West
Former slave
160 acres to live on if improved
Person looking for Gold
Worked on railroad
Flat land no fences or property line

3. What dangers were faced by those who went west by wagon?
The journey often took six months, and travelers faced food shortages, disease, and threats from American Indians.
What nationalities populated the west?
American Indians, Mexicans, British, French Canadians
What were three factors that drew people to move westward in the 1800s?
Social classes were not as rigid as in the East, people could move up in society. Settlers could become landowners.

4. What factors caused people to migrate from East to West?
PUSH Factors
Pull Factors
Chance to be rich
New opportunity
Free land
Social equality
No Jobs
Poor
Too many people
Unequal treatment
After the initial gold rush, who mined gold?
Mining companies
Why were they able to succeed?
Machines that could dig deep

5. What happened when people didn’t find gold?
Most settled into other jobs once they realized mining required both luck and skill.
How did railroads effect population?
Caused population to grow
Who ensured railroads were built?
U.S. Government
How were the Chinese involved in building railroads?
Did dangerous work with little pay and a lot of discrimination

6. Describe the life of the American cowboy?
Cattle drives were long and difficult. Cowboys worked under dangerous conditions and sometimes faced conflicts with farmers and American Indians.
How did American cowboys learn their trade?
Mexican cowboys that were there first.
After the Civil War, why did cattle ranching become a good job?
The vast unoccupied land made good cattle land.

7. Describe the open range.
Wide flat grassland with no fences or property lines
Where was it located?
Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming
Where did cattle stockyards become important?
The Mid West. Specifically Chicago
Why?
The growth of railroads made it easier to ship cattle from ranches in the West to markets in the East, where the demand for cattle was high.

8. What was the role of Chicago in the beef industry?
It was in the position of being in the middle. From there, the cattle could be shipped live to Chicago in stock cars.
How did meat get from Chicago to the East?
Refrigerated railroad cars made it possible to process the meat in Chicago before sending it to eastern markets.
What group took advantage of the Homestead Act?
African American and immigrants

9. What problems did homesteaders face?
The weather was unpredictable, the lands were not always fertile, and resources were very limited.
How did they feel about the risks?
It was the only opportunity for people who would not be able to buy farms on their own.
What factors led to the end of the open range?
Railroads brought new settlements that led to the end of the open range. Barbed wire was invented.

10. Where did women first get the right to vote?
Wyoming
Why were women successful in gaining voting rights?
While in the East women were seen as more domestic, Westerners were less traditional. More independant.
How did settlers impact the western environment?
The settlers had an impact on the environment as well by plowing under grassland, driving away native animals, and displacing American Indians.

11. 1.4.3 American Indian Troubles
a : (1829 – 1909) A military leader and medicine man of the Chiricahua Apache Indian tribe of present-day southern New Mexico and Arizona. For many years, he fought against the United States and Mexico as they took more Apache land. He was captured in 1886 and remained a prisoner of the U.S. government until his death.
Geronimo

12. Sand Creek Massacre
b : An attack on a village of peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians in eastern Colorado in November of A force of 700 troops under the command of John Chivington killed everyone including women, and children in the American Indian village.
c. ______________________ : (1840 – 1904) The chief of a band of Nez Perce Indians. He is best known for leading his band of 800 people in a failed attempt to reach Canada and avoid being put on a reservation.
Chief Joseph the Younger

13. Plains Indians
d. __________________ : Indian tribes who lived on the Great Plains of North America.
Ghost Dance
e. __________________ : A dance used by many American Indian tribes in their religious practices. In the late 1800s, many Indians believed the dance would cause the white settlers to stop moving onto Indian land and perhaps leave North America completely.

14. Sitting Bull
f. ___________________:(ca – 1890) A Lakota Sioux religious leader who became a war leader in battles against the U.S. Army. He took part in many battles, including the Battle of the Little Bighorn. He turned himself in to the U.S. Army in He died in a fight that started when officials came to arrest him, believing that he was about to leave the reservation.
Dawes Act
g. ______________________: A law passed in that gave land to individual American Indian families who were living on reservations. This hurt the American Indian culture & way of life. They were used to working as a group.

15. h : The site in South Dakota of the Wounded Knee Massacre in the winter of Soldiers of the Seventh Cavalry killed around 150 Sioux men, women, and children. The Sioux use of the Ghost Dance may have frightened the soldiers and helped lead to the massacre.
Wounded Knee
What natural resources do you think the Nez Perce depended on to maintain their way of life?
Buffalo, elk, salmon, open land to hunt animals, and rivers for salmon.

16. Identify American Indian leaders and their roles in the Indian Wars
Identify American Indian leaders and their roles in the Indian Wars. What do you think these leaders had in common?
Chief Sitting Bull led the Lakota victory at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
Chief Geronimo of the Apache led raids and resistance against Mexican and U.S. troops for many years.
They were all effective leaders, who were willing to fight to avoid being forced to move to new lands.
Why do you think that even American Indians who sought peace were attacked?
American settlers may have felt that any Indians were a threat. The settlers may not have believed that the Indians wanted to make peace.

17. Do you think the Carlisle School was good or bad for American Indians
Do you think the Carlisle School was good or bad for American Indians? Why do you think so?
Since they were forced to leave their families and give up their beliefs in culture, they considered it a bad thing even though they received the same education as a white child.
Why did the U.S. government want to promote private property within American Indian communities?
The U.S. government did not understand or respect the culture of the native people. Private property would shift the focus away from the tribe as a whole to be like the traditional European family. This was a much more comfortable concept to white Americans.

18. Event Year and Location Description Outcome 1876 in Montana
Battle of the Little Bighorn
The Geronimo Campaign
Sand Creek Massacre
Massacre at Wounded Knee
The American Indians won, and U.S. forces and leader were killed. Custer’s LAST stand.
Lakota and Northern Cheyenne defeated U.S. troops by the Little Bighorn River.
1876 in Montana
1876 to 1886 in Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico
A long conflict was led by Chief Geronimo, with Apache raids and battles against U.S. and Mexican troops.
The Apache held out for many years; in the end, Geronimo gave himself up.
Militia attacked and killed a village of Cheyenne and Arapaho who were nearby.
American Indians were killed, including women and children.
1864 in Colorado
This was the last armed conflict between U.S. troops and American Indians.
1890 in South Dakota
U.S. troops killed Lakota Sioux.

19. African American soldiers who fought in the Indian Wars.
Items to know...
African American soldiers who fought in the Indian Wars.
Buffalo soldier -
Bison -
Buffalo. Plains Indians depended on and centered their culture around bison. All parts were used. White’s only wanted the hide.
U.S. Office of Indian Affairs-
Responsible for setting policy for American Indians.

20. 1.4.5 Voting Rights for Women
Suffrage -
Antisuffrage -
Women’s right to vote
People that did not support women’s right to vote

21. What is the argument the man is making?
Only men should vote
Which group of people does this depict as antisuffragist?
Men

22. The cartoon depicts two women’s view of suffrage
The cartoon depicts two women’s view of suffrage. What is the view of the woman reading?
Antisuffrage
How does the cartoon suggest to convince those against suffrage?
Remove prejudice

23. Why do you think women made the claim that the right to vote would “clean” up politics?
Women were responsible for all household chores.
According to the cartoon, what exactly would “clean” up politics?
Suffrage

24. How is the United States divided?
Between states allowed women to vote and those they could not.
What does the woman walking east symbolize?
Suffrage moving from
West to East
What do the figures in the east symbolize?
Men trying to stop suffrage