1. Character & String Knowledge
Understand the basic concept of character and string
Skills
Able to write an application program to manipulating character and string

2. String String is a list of character.
In C programming, string constant must be declared in a pair of “ “
Examples:
"FTSM“
" samb 2004"

3. Memory representation for string
Example (array of character)
char model[ ] = {'S', '-', '1', '2', '4', '\0'};
[0]
'S'
[1]
'-'
[2]
'1'
[3]
'2'
[4]
'4'
[5]
'\0'
model

4. Memory representation for string
In C, memory representation for string can be depicted by an array of character array.
Bear in mind, the last character in character string must be null character(i.e ‘\0’)

5. Memory representation for string
Example:
Memory representation for "S-124"
'S'
'-'
'1'
'2'
Null character
'4'
'\0'

6. Memory representation for string
Compare the memory representation for
char model[ ] = {'S', '-', '1', '2', '4', '\0'};
[0]
'S'
[1]
'-'
[2]
'1'
[3]
'2'
[4]
'4'
[5]
'\0'
model

7. _
Examples of String
The input specification using scanf() for string character is %s.
Example:
char jenama[15];
printf("Masukkan jenama: ");
scanf("%s", jenama); ?
jenama

8. Masukkan jenama:
Examples of String
The input specification using scanf() for string character is %s.
Example:
char jenama[15];
printf("Masukkan jenama: ");
scanf("%s", jenama); ?
jenama

9. Masukkan jenama: Singer
Examples of String
The input specification using scanf() for string character is %s.
Example:
char jenama[15];
printf("Masukkan jenama: ");
scanf("%s", jenama);
'S'
'i'
'n'
'g'
'e'
'r'
'\0' ?
jenama

10. _
Examples of String
The input specification using scanf() for string character is %s.
Example:
char jenama[15];
printf("Masukkan jenama: ");
scanf("%s", jenama);
'M'
'i'
't'
's'
'u'
'b'
'h'
'\0' ?
jenama

11. String output Output of String
Jenama: Mitsubishi _
String output
Output of String
Output specification for string character is %s .
Example :
char jenama[15] = "Mitsubishi";
printf(“Jenama: %s\n", jenama);
'M'
'i'
't'
's'
'u'
'b'
'h'
'\0' ?
jenama

12. Accessing String
Individual character in string can be referred as an array.

13. Example : char nama[15] = "A Bin B"; int i = 0; printf("Nama: ");
while (nama[i] != '\0') {
printf("%c", nama[i]);
i++; }
'A'
' '
'B'
'i'
'n'
'\0' ??
nama i _

14. Example : char nama[15] = "A Bin B"; int i = 0; printf("Nama: ");
while (nama[i] != '\0') {
printf("%c", nama[i]);
i++; }
'A'
' '
'B'
'i'
'n'
'\0' ??
nama i
Nama: _

15. Example : char nama[15] = "A Bin B"; int i = 0; printf("Nama: ");
while (nama[i] != '\0') {
printf("%c", nama[i]);
i++; }
'A'
' '
'B'
'i'
'n'
'\0' ??
nama i
Nama: _

16. Example : char nama[15] = "A Bin B"; int i = 0; printf("Nama: ");
while (nama[i] != '\0') {
printf("%c", nama[i]);
i++; }
'A'
' '
'B'
'i'
'n'
'\0' ??
nama i
Nama: A_

17. Example : char nama[15] = "A Bin B"; int i = 0; printf("Nama: ");
while (nama[i] != '\0') {
printf("%c", nama[i]);
i++; }
'A'
' '
'B'
'i'
'n'
'\0' ??
nama i 1
Nama: A_

18. Example : char nama[15] = "A Bin B"; int i = 0; printf("Nama: ");
while (nama[i] != '\0') {
printf("%c", nama[i]);
i++; }
'A'
' '
'B'
'i'
'n'
'\0' ??
nama i 1
Nama: A_

19. Example : char nama[15] = "A Bin B"; int i = 0; printf("Nama: ");
while (nama[i] != '\0') {
printf("%c", nama[i]);
i++; }
'A'
' '
'B'
'i'
'n'
'\0' ??
nama i 1
Nama: A _

20. Example : char nama[15] = "A Bin B"; int i = 0; printf("Nama: ");
while (nama[i] != '\0') {
printf("%c", nama[i]);
i++; }
'A'
' '
'B'
'i'
'n'
'\0' ??
nama i 2
Nama: A _

21. Example : char nama[15] = "A Bin B"; int i = 0; printf("Nama: ");
while (nama[i] != '\0') {
printf("%c", nama[i]);
i++; }
'A'
' '
'B'
'i'
'n'
'\0' ??
nama i 2
Nama: A _

22. Example : char nama[15] = "A Bin B"; int i = 0; printf("Nama: ");
while (nama[i] != '\0') {
printf("%c", nama[i]);
i++; }
'A'
' '
'B'
'i'
'n'
'\0' ??
nama i 2
Nama: A B_

23. Example : char nama[15] = "A Bin B"; int i = 0; printf("Nama: ");
while (nama[i] != '\0') {
printf("%c", nama[i]);
i++; }
Until …
'A'
' '
'B'
'i'
'n'
'\0' ??
nama i 3
Nama: A B_

24. Example : char nama[15] = "A Bin B"; int i = 0; printf("Nama: ");
while (nama[i] != '\0') {
printf("%c", nama[i]);
i++; }
'A'
' '
'B'
'i'
'n'
'\0' ??
nama i 6
Nama: A Bin _

25. Example : char nama[15] = "A Bin B"; int i = 0; printf("Nama: ");
while (nama[i] != '\0') {
printf("%c", nama[i]);
i++; }
'A'
' '
'B'
'i'
'n'
'\0' ??
nama i 6
Nama: A Bin B_

26. Example : char nama[15] = "A Bin B"; int i = 0; printf("Nama: ");
while (nama[i] != '\0') {
printf("%c", nama[i]);
i++; }
'A'
' '
'B'
'i'
'n'
'\0' ??
nama i 7
Nama: A Bin B_

27. Example : char nama[15] = "A Bin B"; int i = 0; printf("Nama: ");
while (nama[i] != '\0') {
printf("%c", nama[i]);
i++; }
'A'
' '
'B'
'i'
'n'
'\0' ??
nama i 7
Nama: A Bin B_

28. Example : char nama[15] = "A Bin B"; int i = 0; printf("Nama: ");
while (nama[i] != '\0') {
printf("%c", nama[i]);
i++; }
'A'
' '
'B'
'i'
'n'
'\0' ??
nama i 7
Nama: A Bin B_

29. String assignment
String cannot be directly assign to an array (except in the case of initialization of character)
Example:
char digit[11];
digit = " "; /* Cannot be */

30. String assignment Item by item Example: char digit[15], aksara;
for (aksara = '0'; aksara <= '9'; aksara++)
digit[aksara-'0'] = aksara;
digit[aksara-'0'] = '\0'; ??
digit
aksara ??

31. String assignment Item by item Example: char digit[15], aksara;
Nilai ASCII '0' = 48
Nilai ASCII '1' = 49
Nilai ASCII '2' = 50
Nilai ASCII '3' = 51
Nilai ASCII '4' = 52
Nilai ASCII '5' = 53
Nilai ASCII '6' = 54
Nilai ASCII '7' = 55
Nilai ASCII '8' = 56
Nilai ASCII '9' = 57
String assignment
Item by item
Example:
char digit[15], aksara;
for (aksara = '0'; aksara <= '9'; aksara++)
digit[aksara-'0'] = aksara;
digit[aksara-'0'] = '\0'; ??
digit
aksara
'0'

32. String assignment Item by item Example: char digit[15], aksara;
Nilai ASCII '0' = 48
Nilai ASCII '1' = 49
Nilai ASCII '2' = 50
Nilai ASCII '3' = 51
Nilai ASCII '4' = 52
Nilai ASCII '5' = 53
Nilai ASCII '6' = 54
Nilai ASCII '7' = 55
Nilai ASCII '8' = 56
Nilai ASCII '9' = 57
String assignment
Item by item
Example:
char digit[15], aksara;
for (aksara = '0'; aksara <= '9'; aksara++)
digit[aksara-'0'] = aksara;
digit[aksara-'0'] = '\0'; ??
digit
aksara
'0'

33. String assignment Item by item Example: char digit[15], aksara;
Nilai ASCII '0' = 48
Nilai ASCII '1' = 49
Nilai ASCII '2' = 50
Nilai ASCII '3' = 51
Nilai ASCII '4' = 52
Nilai ASCII '5' = 53
Nilai ASCII '6' = 54
Nilai ASCII '7' = 55
Nilai ASCII '8' = 56
Nilai ASCII '9' = 57
String assignment
Item by item
Example:
char digit[15], aksara;
for (aksara = '0'; aksara <= '9'; aksara++)
digit[aksara-'0'] = aksara;
digit[aksara-'0'] = '\0';
'0' ??
digit
aksara
'0'

34. String assignment Item by item Example: char digit[15], aksara;
Nilai ASCII '0' = 48
Nilai ASCII '1' = 49
Nilai ASCII '2' = 50
Nilai ASCII '3' = 51
Nilai ASCII '4' = 52
Nilai ASCII '5' = 53
Nilai ASCII '6' = 54
Nilai ASCII '7' = 55
Nilai ASCII '8' = 56
Nilai ASCII '9' = 57
String assignment
Item by item
Example:
char digit[15], aksara;
for (aksara = '0'; aksara <= '9'; aksara++)
digit[aksara-'0'] = aksara;
digit[aksara-'0'] = '\0';
'0' ??
digit
aksara
'1'

35. String assignment Item by item Example: char digit[15], aksara;
Nilai ASCII '0' = 48
Nilai ASCII '1' = 49
Nilai ASCII '2' = 50
Nilai ASCII '3' = 51
Nilai ASCII '4' = 52
Nilai ASCII '5' = 53
Nilai ASCII '6' = 54
Nilai ASCII '7' = 55
Nilai ASCII '8' = 56
Nilai ASCII '9' = 57
String assignment
Item by item
Example:
char digit[15], aksara;
for (aksara = '0'; aksara <= '9'; aksara++)
digit[aksara-'0'] = aksara;
digit[aksara-'0'] = '\0';
'0' ??
digit
aksara
'1'

36. String assignment Item by item Example: char digit[15], aksara;
Nilai ASCII '0' = 48
Nilai ASCII '1' = 49
Nilai ASCII '2' = 50
Nilai ASCII '3' = 51
Nilai ASCII '4' = 52
Nilai ASCII '5' = 53
Nilai ASCII '6' = 54
Nilai ASCII '7' = 55
Nilai ASCII '8' = 56
Nilai ASCII '9' = 57
String assignment
Item by item
Example:
char digit[15], aksara;
for (aksara = '0'; aksara <= '9'; aksara++)
digit[aksara-'0'] = aksara;
digit[aksara-'0'] = '\0';
'0'
'1' ??
digit
aksara
'1'

37. String assignment Item by item Example: char digit[15], aksara;
Nilai ASCII '0' = 48
Nilai ASCII '1' = 49
Nilai ASCII '2' = 50
Nilai ASCII '3' = 51
Nilai ASCII '4' = 52
Nilai ASCII '5' = 53
Nilai ASCII '6' = 54
Nilai ASCII '7' = 55
Nilai ASCII '8' = 56
Nilai ASCII '9' = 57
String assignment
Item by item
Example:
char digit[15], aksara;
for (aksara = '0'; aksara <= '9'; aksara++)
digit[aksara-'0'] = aksara;
digit[aksara-'0'] = '\0';
'0'
'1' ??
digit
aksara
'2'

38. String assignment Item by item Example: char digit[15], aksara;
Nilai ASCII '0' = 48
Nilai ASCII '1' = 49
Nilai ASCII '2' = 50
Nilai ASCII '3' = 51
Nilai ASCII '4' = 52
Nilai ASCII '5' = 53
Nilai ASCII '6' = 54
Nilai ASCII '7' = 55
Nilai ASCII '8' = 56
Nilai ASCII '9' = 57
String assignment
Item by item
Example:
char digit[15], aksara;
for (aksara = '0'; aksara <= '9'; aksara++)
digit[aksara-'0'] = aksara;
digit[aksara-'0'] = '\0';
'0'
'1' ??
digit
aksara
'2'

39. String assignment Item by item Example: Until …
Nilai ASCII '0' = 48
Nilai ASCII '1' = 49
Nilai ASCII '2' = 50
Nilai ASCII '3' = 51
Nilai ASCII '4' = 52
Nilai ASCII '5' = 53
Nilai ASCII '6' = 54
Nilai ASCII '7' = 55
Nilai ASCII '8' = 56
Nilai ASCII '9' = 57
String assignment
Item by item
Example:
char digit[15], aksara;
for (aksara = '0'; aksara <= '9'; aksara++)
digit[aksara-'0'] = aksara;
digit[aksara-'0'] = '\0';
'0'
'1'
'2' ??
digit
aksara
'2'
Until …

40. String assignment Item by item Example: char digit[15], aksara;
Nilai ASCII '0' = 48
Nilai ASCII '1' = 49
Nilai ASCII '2' = 50
Nilai ASCII '3' = 51
Nilai ASCII '4' = 52
Nilai ASCII '5' = 53
Nilai ASCII '6' = 54
Nilai ASCII '7' = 55
Nilai ASCII '8' = 56
Nilai ASCII '9' = 57
String assignment
Item by item
Example:
char digit[15], aksara;
for (aksara = '0'; aksara <= '9'; aksara++)
digit[aksara-'0'] = aksara;
digit[aksara-'0'] = '\0';
'0'
'1'
'2'
'3'
'4'
'5'
'6'
'7'
'8'
'9' ??
digit
aksara
'9'

41. String assignment Item by item Example: char digit[15], aksara;
Nilai ASCII '0' = 48
Nilai ASCII '1' = 49
Nilai ASCII '2' = 50
Nilai ASCII '3' = 51
Nilai ASCII '4' = 52
Nilai ASCII '5' = 53
Nilai ASCII '6' = 54
Nilai ASCII '7' = 55
Nilai ASCII '8' = 56
Nilai ASCII '9' = 57
String assignment
Item by item
Example:
char digit[15], aksara;
for (aksara = '0'; aksara <= '9'; aksara++)
digit[aksara-'0'] = aksara;
digit[aksara-'0'] = '\0';
'0'
'1'
'2'
'3'
'4'
'5'
'6'
'7'
'8'
'9' ??
digit
aksara
':'

42. String assignment Item by item Example: char digit[15], aksara;
Nilai ASCII '0' = 48
Nilai ASCII '1' = 49
Nilai ASCII '2' = 50
Nilai ASCII '3' = 51
Nilai ASCII '4' = 52
Nilai ASCII '5' = 53
Nilai ASCII '6' = 54
Nilai ASCII '7' = 55
Nilai ASCII '8' = 56
Nilai ASCII '9' = 57
String assignment
Item by item
Example:
char digit[15], aksara;
for (aksara = '0'; aksara <= '9'; aksara++)
digit[aksara-'0'] = aksara;
digit[aksara-'0'] = '\0';
'0'
'1'
'2'
'3'
'4'
'5'
'6'
'7'
'8'
'9' ??
digit
aksara
':'

43. String assignment Item by item Example: char digit[15], aksara;
Nilai ASCII '0' = 48
Nilai ASCII '1' = 49
Nilai ASCII '2' = 50
Nilai ASCII '3' = 51
Nilai ASCII '4' = 52
Nilai ASCII '5' = 53
Nilai ASCII '6' = 54
Nilai ASCII '7' = 55
Nilai ASCII '8' = 56
Nilai ASCII '9' = 57
String assignment
Item by item
Example:
char digit[15], aksara;
for (aksara = '0'; aksara <= '9'; aksara++)
digit[aksara-'0'] = aksara;
digit[aksara-'0'] = '\0';
'0'
'1'
'2'
'3'
'4'
'5'
'6'
'7'
'8'
'9'
'\0' ??
digit
aksara
':'

44. String assignment Item by item Example: char digit[15], aksara;
Nilai ASCII '0' = 48
Nilai ASCII '1' = 49
Nilai ASCII '2' = 50
Nilai ASCII '3' = 51
Nilai ASCII '4' = 52
Nilai ASCII '5' = 53
Nilai ASCII '6' = 54
Nilai ASCII '7' = 55
Nilai ASCII '8' = 56
Nilai ASCII '9' = 57
String assignment
Item by item
Example:
char digit[15], aksara;
for (aksara = '0'; aksara <= '9'; aksara++)
digit[aksara-'0'] = aksara;
digit[aksara-'0'] = '\0';
'0'
'1'
'2'
'3'
'4'
'5'
'6'
'7'
'8'
'9'
'\0' ??
digit
aksara
':'