1. Chapter 1- start to finish
Let’s Get Started!!
Chapter 1- start to finish

2. CHEMISTRY
The science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo
Wood burns
Plants grow
Iron rusts
Bread bakes
Human digestion

3. The Scientific Method State the problem Make observations
Form a hypothesis
Perform an experiment
Develop a Law
A summary of observed behavior
Develop a theory
An explanation of behavior
Continue to experiment
Modify theory as needed

4. Important Terms Matter Mass Volume Qualitative observations
Anything that has mass and volume
Mass
Amount of matter in an object
The measure of the resistance of an object to a change in its state of motion
Volume
Amount of space an object occupies
Qualitative observations
Observations not requiring measurements
Quantitative observations
Observations requiring measurements

5. Weight!?! The force that gravity exerts
In chem (or in AP) all our measurements will be on earth (we hope!) so weight & mass are interchangeable.

6. Volume?

7. Fundamental Units
Mass
Length
Time
Temp kg m s K

8. Fundamental Units Electric current Amt of substance Luminous intensity
mol cd

9. Prefixes Used in SI system
Kilo
deci
centi
milli
103
10-1
10-2
10-3

10. Prefixes Used in SI system
micro
nano
10-6
10-9

11. Uncertainty of Measurement
Gold costs $5.75 for .01 g
Mass ring g
Dealer says- 8 g

12. What’s the problem?
The decimal places are SIGNIFICANT!!

13. Numbers are significant when…
1. They are NOT zero!
2. They are exact numbers
Conversions, pi, counted numbers

14. Numbers are significant when…
Zeros
1. Captive zeros- YES
2. Leading zeros- NO
3. Trailing zeros- YES

15. Multiply and Divide
Number of sig figs in answer is same as number with least number of sig figs

16. Add and Subtract
Result has same number of decimal places as number with least decimal places in calculation

17. Number of Sig Figs?
1056
1000
100.0
.00350 4 1 3

18. Some Math…
2.002 X 3.42 X 5 =
–21.45 =
34.2 X = 30
716.0
866

19. Play some darts…

20. Precision
Degree of agreement among several measurements

21. Accuracy
Degree of agreement of a particular value with the accepted value

22. Error?? What error? Random error Systematic error
Equal chance of being high or low
Systematic error
Same direction each time

24. Dimensional Analysis UNIT FACTOR METHOD!
A student entered a 12.0 km run. How many miles is it?

25. Temperature
Three scales
Fahrenheit
Celsius
Kelvin

27. Density
Mass/Volume

28. Classification of matter

29. Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
Physical Property
Characteristics that describe a substance
Physical Change
A change that does not affect the composition of the substance
Chemical Property
Characteristics that refer to the ability to form new substances
Chemical Change
A change which produces new substances

30. Separation Techniques
Distillation
Filtration
Chromatography