1. Section 1-Polling Question
What factor most influences people today on who they vote for in an election?
A. The candidate’s political party affiliation
B. The candidate’s opinion on a specific issue
C. How likeable the candidate is
D. The candidate’s physical appearance A B C D

2. Chapter 9 The The Era of Jefferson (1800-1816)
Section 1 Jefferson Takes Office

3. Essential Question
In what ways did Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans limit the powers of the government?
In what ways did Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans limit the powers of the government?

4. The Election of 1800
The Federalists and Republicans fought a bitter election campaign in 1800
The Federalists supported Adams again and Pinckney as VP
Republicans nominated Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr as VP
Neither traveled around the country to gather support
Instead they wrote letters to make their views public
Federalists accused Jefferson of being “godless”
Republicans warned that the Federalists favored the wealthy and would bring back monarchy

5. Section 1
In their letter writing campaign, Thomas Jefferson’s supporters warned that re-electing President Adams would do what?
A. Raise taxes
B. Bring back monarchy
C. Weaken the military
D. Give too much power to individual states A B C D

6. Election Deadlock The election came out a tie
Not between Adams and Jefferson, but between Jefferson and Burr (73 votes each)
The House of Representatives had to decide the election
The Federalists in the House of Reps saw a chance to prevent the election of Jefferson
They supported Burr

7. The Election Results 35 ballots- The election was tied
Alexander Hamilton urged one Federalist not to vote for Burr
Jefferson became president and Burr VP
To prevent this from happening again, Congress passed the 12th Amendment in 1803
Separate ballots for President and VP

8. Jefferson’s Inauguration
Jefferson dressed in everyday clothes
Adams chose not to attend
Jefferson tried to bridge the gap between Federalists and Republicans in his speech
“We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”
But Jefferson was no Federalist

9. Jefferson’s Ideas
Jefferson believed a large federal government threatened liberty
He believed states could better protect freedom
Jefferson wanted to reduce the power and size of the government
These ideas were similar to the French philosophy known as laissez-faire
“Let people do as they choose”

10. Cutting Costs
Jefferson and Albert Gallatin (Secretary of Treasury) reduced the national debt
Scaled down military expenses
All federal internal taxes, including the whiskey tax, were repealed
Government funds would come from customs duties (taxes on imported goods)
Also from sale of western lands
Jefferson also limited the number of federal government workers to a few hundred people

11. Judiciary Act of 1801
Before Jefferson took office, the Federalists passed this Act
Setup regional courts for the US with 16 judges and other judicial officials
Adams appointed judges to these positions and John Marshall to Chief Justice
Adams and Marshall worked around the clock to appoint these “midnight judges”
When Jefferson became president, a few of the appointment papers (commissions) had not yet been delivered
Jefferson told Secretary of State, James Madison, not to deliver them
One commission was to go to William Marbury

12. Marbury v. Madison Marbury took his case directly to the Supreme Court
Marshall said the Constitution did not give the Court jurisdiction to decide Marbury’s case
In Marbury v. Madison, three principles of judicial review were established
1. The Constitution is the supreme law
2. The Constitution must be followed when there is a conflict between it and any other law
3. The judicial branch must uphold the Constitution and nullify unconstitutional laws

13. Section 1
Which of the following statements is a principle of judicial review?
A. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land.
B. State law takes precedence over federal law.
C. The Constitution should not be followed when it conflicts with any other law.
D. The legislative branch is responsible for upholding the Constitution. A B C D

14. What Marbury v. Madison Did
Marshall broadened federal power at the expense of the states
1819- McCulluch v. Maryland- The Court held that Congress is allowed to do more than the Constitution expressly authorizes it to do
1824- Gibbins v. Ogden- The Court held that federal law takes precedence over state law in interstate transportation

15. Essential Question
In what ways did Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans limit the powers of the government?
They reduced military spending and size, repealed all federal internal taxes, and kept government small.
In what ways did Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans limit the powers of the government?
They reduced military spending and size, repealed all federal internal taxes, and kept government small.

16. The election of 1800 was decided by
the Senate.
popular vote.
the Electoral College.
the House of Representatives.

17. Regional courts were set up for the United States with the
Judiciary Act of 1801.
midnight judges.
Marbury v. Madison case.
Marshall Supreme Court.

18. What case represented the first time the Supreme Court reviewed and ruled on acts of the other branches of government?
Jefferson v. Madison
Marshall v. Madison
Marbury v. Madison
Adams v. Jefferson

19. Jefferson believed in reducing the power and size of government, or a philosophy called
laissez-faire.
judicial review.
federalism.
statism.

20. Which Secretary of State was asked to serve as chief justice?
John Marshall
Abigail Adams
Thomas Jefferson
Aaron Burr