1. Labor & Social Uprisings
Immigrant Labor
Industrial Uprisings
Agrarian Uprisings

2. Immigration The New Colossus
Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, With conquering limbs astride from land to land; Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. "Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!“
Emma Lazarus, 1883

3. Overview of Immigration
Between 1900 and 1910, nearly 9 million immigrants entered the U.S.
Migrants from Eastern & Southern Europe, Asia, and Mexico
Reason for migration: economic opportunities, freedom of religion & political thought, view of the U.S. as nation of immigrants
Downside: U.S. not the paradise people expected, migrants often faced a hostile reception

4. Chinese Worked in gold mining and railroad construction
Considered “birds of passage”
Subject to violent attacks
Considered unable to assimilate
Chinese Exclusion, 1882

5. Japanese Increase in Japanese Immigration in early 1900s
“Picture Brides”
Gentlemen’s Agreement, 1907
Japanese Picture Brides arriving at Angel Island in San Francisco

6. Mexican Loss of land due to fraud and intimidation
Role of the Texas Rangers
Recruited to replace Chinese workers in agriculture , as were the Japanese and Filipinos
During the years of Revolution Mexican migration remains steady

8. Eastern European Large Jewish population fleeing persecution
In 1880 there were 250,000 Jews, and in 1910 there were 4 million

9. Southern Europe Italian immigration reached its peak between 1900-1914
Italians migrated to many countries throughout the world
Family migration, retained religion, culture
Created Mutual Aid societies

10. Whiteness & Legality
Citizenship was available only to “to aliens being free white persons and to aliens of African nativity and to persons of African descent.”
John Svan v United States Government, 1908
National Origins Act, 1924
and the same year the U.S.
Border Patrol was created

11. Industrial Uprisings Knights of Labor Great Uprising
founded in by Uriah Stephens
Great Uprising
1877, began at railroad in
Martinsburg, WV
Spread to 14 states

12. Industrial Uprisings Haymarket May 1886 in Chicago
Bomb that killed seven
Eight unionists arrested,
convicted, and hanged

13. The Pinkertons Private security firm Homestead strike of 1892
Carnegie steel
Henry Clay Frick
Say comrades did you hear about the tow boat “Little Bill,”
That caused so much excitement at Carnegie’s Homestead mill?
With model barges well equipped, Bill Rogers sly and slick,
Took “Pinkerton Assassins” there employed by H.C. Frick

14. Pullman Strike, May 1894 Outside of Chicago Wages slashed
Eugene V. Debs
Squashed by federal troops
Pullman Strike, May 1894

15. Agrarian Uprisings The Grange Family v. Commercial Farming
Railroad monopolies
Cooperatives

16. Agrarian Uprisings Populist Party
Rooted in the Greenback Labor Party & the Farmer’s Alliance
Party platform: bimetalism, government ownership of transportation
William Jennings Bryan, Presidential Candidate in 1896

17. “You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.”
William Jennings Bryan
Democratic National Convention
July 1896

18. Challenges to Government and Corporate Authority
Key Terms: Chinese Exclusion Act, National Origins Act,
Knights of Labor, Haymarket, Pinkertons, Pullman, The Grange,
Populist Party