1. Description of Science Operations on HLY1801
Robert S. Pickart
Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution
Last updated Jan 15, 2018
Outline
I Brief overview of Science: Motivation and goals.
Operations: Moorings, CTD, water sampling, net tows, benthic work, underway measurements, additional operations.

2. There are three science components to the cruise this year

3. 1. The Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO)

4. The Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO)
Occupations of DBO lines since the inception of the program

5. 2. Northern Chukchi Integrated Study (NCIS)
Pacific water inflow to the Arctic Ocean

6. Northern Chukchi Integrated Study (NCIS)
Chukchi Slope Current
Could carry half of the
Pacific Water from the
shelf to the basin!
Measurements of Chukchi Slope Current from 46 shipboard sections
occupied between (from Corlett and Pickart, 2017)

7. 3. The Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography
Coordinated Investigations
(EcoFoci)
EcoFOCI was established by NOAA in 1984 to study the variability in recruitment success of commercially valuable fin and shellfish in Alaskan waters. Extensive field work (including moorings, CTDs, net tows, ROVs, drifters and towed vehicles) is conducted each year.

8. The Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations
(EcoFoci)
Primary Aims
Service 28 moorings from the northern Bering Sea to the Chukchi slope
Occupy CTD stations
Do ~10 Methot tows

9. The Distributed Biological Observatory
(DBO)
Primary Aims
Occupy DBO lines 2, 3, 4, and 5

10. Northern Chukchi Sea Integrated Study
(NCIS)
Primary Aims
Carry out a process study investigating the outflow
of Pacific water from Barrow Canyon

11. EcoFoci and DBO-NCIS Tentative Sampling Plan HLY1801
Red dots: EcoFoci Mooring locations
Green dots: DBO CTD lines and EcoFoci CTD sites
Blue dots: Strawman Barrow Canyon outflow CTD survey

12. Components of DBO-NCIS Cruise Lead PIs for each group Moorings
G. Lebon (on behalf of P. Stabeno)
Physical Oceanography CTD
R. Pickart
Water Sampling from the Rosette
C. Mordy, J. Cross, L. Cooper
Mesozooplankton and Larval Fish
J. Duffy-Anderson
Benthos/Sediments
J. Grebmeier
Underway Measurements
R. Pickart, J. Cross
Upper Trophics
K. Kuletz, Sue Moore
Atmospheric Measurements
J. Creamean
Microbes
Eric Collins
Manganese
V. Oldham
Additional Operations
J. Cross, L. Trafford, Roy Moffitt
Components of
DBO-NCIS Cruise
Lead PIs for each group

13. Mooring Operations

14. Mooring Operations There are 28 moorings total at 13 sites
There are 4 types of mooring designs
There are 26 recoveries and 27 deployments
We will bring our own mooring winch

15. Mooring Operations (continued)
Mooring design 1
“Barrow Deeps”

16. Mooring Operations (continued)
Mooring design 2
“CKIP”

17. Mooring Operations (continued)
Mooring design 3
“CKP”

18. Mooring Operations (continued)
Mooring design 4
“Daft”

19. CTD Operations

20. CTD Operations
A CTD cast will be done at every station. An MST will run the winch and
deck personnel will deploy and recover the package. The STARC team will
provide a 1-db averaged downcast CTD file immediately after each cast
(using a batch script of Sea-Bird processing routines)
Our usual mode of operation is that the science party will be responsible for:
--pre-cast set up of the acquisition computer
--manning the acquisition computer during the cast
and guiding the package to the bottom and back
--providing a person on deck to help launch and recover
the package if necessary
--preparing the package for the next cast

21. CTD Operations Details
Primary System
Seabird frame
SBE9plus CTD w/ dual temperature (SBE3) and
conductivity (SBE4) sensor pairs
SBE11plus deckunit
Transmissometer
Fluorometer
altimeter (rated for at least 3000m depth)
SBE43 O2 sensor
24-position pylon with 12 liter bottles
silicon o-rings
Backup Systems
Spare 24 x 10 liter package
Spare 12 x 30 liter package
Computers
we will use Healy’s acquisition computer running Sea-Bird's
acquisition software.
we will provide the computer/software for post-cast processing and
in-situ calibration of the CTD data
CTD Operations Details

22. CTD Operations Details
Sensor Calibrations
It is our understanding that the CTD sensors were calibrated after
the 2017 field season, and will be calibrated again after the 2018 field
season

23. Water sample Operations

24. Water Chemistry
After each CTD cast, water samples will be collected from the Niskin
bottles on the rosette. On average, the water sampling will take minutes
and necessitates the use of Hazmat chemicals in the CTD hanger and main lab
The Niskin bottles should have silicon o-rings or similar non-toxic o-rings
It is our understanding that the 12 L bottles have external springs

25. Water Chemistry Details
1. Salts
We will collect a limited number of salt samples. It is our
understanding that the ship has salt bottles and standard water, and
that STARC will train one of the science watchstanders to run the autosal
2. Oxygen-18
No special needs
3. Nutrients
4. Dissolved oxygen
This requires the use of Hazmats in the CTD hanger and storage in the lab
(sodium hydroxide/sodium iodide solution and manganese chloride solution)
5. Chlorophyll
This requires the use of a freezer (preferably -80oC)

26. Water Chemistry Details
5. Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) and Total Alkalinity (TA)
This requires the following:
DI dispensing system (18-Ohm)
Compressed gas tank storage in the wet lab (ultrapure N2)
Functioning fume hood
Use of Hazmats in the CTD hanger and storage in the lab
(hydrochloric and phosphoric acid, mercuric chloride)
6. Microbes
No special needs.
7. Manganese
This requires the use of Hazmats in the CTD hanger and storage in the lab
(short list goes here).

27. Zooplankton and Larval Fish Operations

28. Zooplankton Net Tows
Zooplankton multi-net tows will be conducted off the stern using the ship’s
spare drum of conducting cable (2000m necessary)
A Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 49 FastCAT Profiler or SBE 19 SeaCAT
will be attached to the wire above the Bongo frame(s) to provide
real-time tow data
A scientist will be stationed in the lab to monitor the FastCAT and inform the
winch operator when the desired gear depth is reached (either 200m or 5-10m above the bottom)

29. Benthic Operations

30. Benthic Sampling
Two types of benthic sampling will be done: van Veen grabs and Haps coring
These will be conducted off the stern using the 9/16 trawl wire
Five van Veen grabs and three Haps cores will be done at select “process stations”

31. Benthic Sampling Details
The benthic sampling requires the following:
two walk-in climate-controlled rooms at 1oC
space in the walk-in refrigerator
space in the walk-in freezer
deionized water system working

32. Underway Measurements

33. Underway Measurements
It is our understanding that the STARC technicians will be running
the multi-beam during the cruise, and that the Knudson system will be
operational as well
We will use both the 75 KHz and 150 KHz vessel-mounted ADCPs
throughout the cruise. Jules Hummon will monitor the data quality
during the cruise. We will use the data in near-real time
We will use the underway CTD/pCO2 data and draw samples
from the underway seawater line
It is our understanding that the meteorological sensors are operational

34. Atmospheric Measurements

35. Atmospheric Measurements
A suite of sensors mounted on the ship will be used to evaluate aerosol chemistry,
biology, and ice nucleating abilities to better understand aerosol sources and
impacts on Arctic clouds.

36. Upper Trophics

37. Upper Trophics
There will likely be two seabird observers and two marine mammal observers
on the cruise
These observations will be conducted from the bridge

38. Additional Operations

39. Additional Operations
We will launch 2 AXIB buoys, ~12 SVP-Bs, and ~5 prototype weather stations
I. Rigor is the POC
SVP-B buoy
Prototype weather station
AXIB buoy

40. Additional Operations (continued)
We may deploy an UpTemp0 buoy
(25m sensor string beneath a buoyant float…no crane necessary)
M. Steele is the POC

41. Additional Operations (continued)
We will deploy two ALAMO floats (Argo type floats)
P. Stabeno is the POC

42. Additional Operations (continued)
We will launch several satellite-tracked drifters
P. Stabeno is the POC

43. Additional Operations (continued)
We will do a calibration exercise adjacent to one or more Saildrones
(an autonomous surface vehicle)
J. Cross is the POC

44. Additional Operations (continued)
We will do ~10 Methot tows for larval fish
(similar procedure to net tows)
This is a 2.7 by 2.7 m sq frame with a net that hands back
about 5 m and goes into a cod end, similar to that on a bongo.
G. Lebon is the POC

45. Numbers of Stations

46. There are a total of 53 mooring evolutions
There are ~40 EcoFoci/DBO stations and ~60 Barrow Canyon Outflow stations for total of ~100 stations
Note: this could change
CTD: a single cast at all stations
Zooplankton: all DBO stations and roughly every other station otherwise [20 min per station]
Benthos: process stations (5 grabs + 3 haps) at all DBO stations and roughly every third station otherwise [50 min per station]
18 day cruise from Nome to Nome, 7-24 August