1. BE A SCIENCE DETECTIVE!!!

2. You are at the beach with your friends over the hot summer and the water is a warm 80 degrees Fahrenheit. NICE.

3. You are at the beach with your friends over the hot summer and the water is a warm 80 degrees Fahrenheit. NICE. The air gets down to the 60s at night.

4. The very next day the water drops to 60 degrees!!! Brrrrrr.

5. Does the ocean cool down that quickly in overnight?

6. Does the ocean cool down that quickly in overnight?

7. Water does not heat up or cool down fast.

8. Water does not heat up or cool down fast.
Why is that good news for us?

9. Water does not heat up or cool down fast.
Our oceans moderate Earth’s temperatures .

10. why?

11. WATER has a physical property known as high specific heat.
Can you give me other examples of high or low
specific heats?

12. SO, HOW CAN WATER TEMPS DROP SO FAST AT THE SHORE?
DANNNG!

13. So, there MUST BE SOME OTHER EXPLANATION
So, there MUST BE SOME OTHER EXPLANATION! Water couldn’t change its temperature THAT fast.

14. What does a scientist DO??? (hint: I just did it right now!)

15. ASK QUESTIONS!!!!

16. You are a SCIENCE DETECTIVE!!!

17. START WITH THE BASIC QUESTION…
START WITH THE BASIC QUESTION….. How could the water temperature drop so fast?

18. Is it the exact same water that was there yesterday?

19. COLD WATER MUST HAVE COME FROM SOMEWHERE ELSE!!!!

20. But, where can you find such cold water so close to warm water???

21. ???????

22. Have you ever dived really deep into a lake or ocean
Have you ever dived really deep into a lake or ocean? What does it feel like?

23. Ah HA!!!

24. So, this cold water could have come from BELOW!!!!

25. NOW, LET’S MAKE A SCIENTIFIC PREDICTION (hypothesis):

26. The temperature of the beach water may drop fast if cold water comes up from the deep.

27. But WAIT A MINUTE!

28. Remember our lessons on density
Remember our lessons on density. What is less dense…warm stuff or cold stuff?

29. Remember our lessons on density
Remember our lessons on density. What is less dense…warm stuff or cold stuff?

30. Remember our lessons on density
Remember our lessons on density. What is less dense…warm stuff or cold stuff?

31. Warm stuff is usually LESS dense… Cold stuff is usually MORE dense

32. So how could COLD water RISE over WARM water?

33. ???????

34. So, FORCES must have PUSHED UP cold water to the surface …AGAINST the laws of density & gravity!

35. So, FORCES must have PUSHED UP cold water to the surface …AGAINST the laws of density & gravity!

36. Let’s refine our hypothesis…

37. The temperature of the beach water dropped so fast… because COLD water from the benthic zone pushed up to the surface.

38. NOW, WE’RE GETTING SOMEWHERE!!!!!

39. WE ARE SCIENCE DETECTIVES.

40. NOW, HOW CAN WE EXPLAIN THE FORCE THAT PUSHED UP THIS COLD WATER TO THE SURFACE!

41. Let’s go back to what we already know…

42. What makes SURFACE currents move around the planet?

43. ???????

44. SURFACE CURRENTS are moved mostly by WIND!

45. Remember that these surface currents can move global precipitation patterns…

46. What is WIND?

47. Some ideas???

48. WIND IS SIMPLY AIR MOLECULES MOVING FROM HIGH PRESSURE TO low pressure.

49. What air has HIGHER PRESSURE…. WARM AIR or COLD AIR
What air has HIGHER PRESSURE…. WARM AIR or COLD AIR? (remember what happens to a balloon in hot water?)

50. WARMER AIR has HIGHER PRESSURE!

51. Where around Earth do we find WARMER air?

52. The equator is where we find the most WARM HIGH PRESSURE air.

53. WARM HIGH PRESSURE AIR from the EQUATOR blows TOWARDS COLD, low pressure air at the North and South Pole.

54. That’s why all hurricanes in our hemisphere always eventually head NORTH

55. That’s why all hurricanes in our hemisphere always eventually head NORTH

56. Winds blow ocean water from the warm EQUATOR to the cold north & south POLES.

57. You can guess what happens when water gets to the BITTER COLD NORTH or SOUTH POLE?

58. d’uh…freezes.

59. Yep, it freezes! Turns to ICE. Forms a GLACIER!

60. Is ice fresh or salty?

61. Ice is fresh.

62. When ocean water turns to ICE at the North & South Poles, FRESHWATER FREEZES! (not salt water)

63. Hmmmm….interesting

64. Which one is MORE DENSE, SALT or FRESH water?

65. Which one will sink below the other?

66. DENSER SALT WATER PLUNGES DOWN BELOW WHEN FRESH WATER FREEZES AT THE POLES.

67. Millions of gallons of salt water DROP to the bottom of the ocean whenever freshwater glaciers form!

68. But WHERE can all this PLUNGING SALTY WATER GO??

69. The only direction is can go!

70. Sinking unfrozen saltwater at the poles create DEEP water currents that rush back to the equator!!!

71. So now, SCIENCE DETECTIVE, you’re at the BEACH
So now, SCIENCE DETECTIVE, you’re at the BEACH. In ONE DAY the ocean has cooled 20 degrees.

72. You hypothesize that cold water must have been pushed up from the bottom of the ocean.

73. HOW does cold water get pushed up to the surface at the beach?

74. When deep-sea, salt water currents rush down from the poles, these DEEP currents push up cold water (& live/dead NUTRIENTS) UP the CONTINENTAL SLOPE to the shoreline!

75. This is UPWELLING!

76. Surface winds have something to do with UPWELLING….

77. As the cold water is pushed up, gentle surface winds blow the warmer shallow water away.

78. CAUSING A FEEDING FRENZY!
We call this UPWELLING!
COLD WATER & NUTRIENTS
COME CHUGGING UP
CAUSING A FEEDING FRENZY!

79. COME CHUGGING UP…BEST FISHING EVER!!!!
We call this UPWELLING!
COLD WATER & NUTRIENTS
COME CHUGGING UP…BEST FISHING EVER!!!!

80. Infrared upwelling on earth!
show infrared earth upwelling photo
Infrared upwelling on earth!

82. Infrared upwelling on earth!
show infrared earth upwelling photo
Infrared upwelling on earth!

83. CONGRATULATIONS!!!! YOU science detective YOU!

85. Watch the relationship between sooty terns & Alvin shrimp!
watch 1st 23 minutes, skip 23:10-24:10, end around 28 minutes in