1. Anatomy & Physiology *Anatomy
Shape and structures of an organism’s body and the relationship of one body part to another
*Physiology
Function of each body part and how the functions of the various body parts coordinate to form a complete living organism

2. 11 Organ Systems
1. Integumentary System – external covering of the body, or the skin. Protects deeper tissue from injury.
2. Skeletal System – Protects and supports body organs: provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement.
3. Muscular System - Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion and facial expression.
4. Nervous System - Fast-acting control system of the body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

3. Cont.
5. Endocrine System – Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reporduction, and nutrient use (metabloism) by body cells.
6. Cardiovascular System – Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc.; the heart pumps blood.
7. Lymphatic System – Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood; disposes of debris in the lymphatic streat; houses white blood cells involved in immunity.

4. Cont.
8. Respiratory System - Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide; the gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.
9. Digestive System - Breaks food down into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigestible food materials are eliminated as feces.
10. Urinary System – Eliminates itrogenous wastes from the body; regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood.
11. Reproductive System – Both male and female. The overall function is to produce, develop and nourish offspring.

5. Homework: Review Medical Terminology
Chapter 1
Pages 12-14
Anterior Landmarks
Posterior Landmarks
Directional Terms

6. Terms for Location or Position and Directions
Anterior or ventral
Front or in front of
Posterior or dorsal
Back or in back of
Cranial and caudal
Refer to direction of either toward the “head end” or “tail end”
Superior and inferior
Above or below another

7. Terms for Location or Position and Directions, etc.
Medial and lateral
Toward the midline or away from the midline
Proximal and distal
Toward or away from the point of attachment or origin
Superficial or external
On or near the surface or deep (internal)

8. Body Cavities Dorsal Cavity Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity
Brain and spinal cord
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity
VENTRAL CAVITY
Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
Dorsal Cavity

9. Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions
Epigastric region (upper)
Just below sternum
Right and left hypochondriac
Just below ribs
Umbilical (middle)
Located around the navel

10. Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions
Right and left lumbar
Extend from anterior to posterior
Hypogastric (lower)
Pubic area
Right and left iliac
Also called right and left inguinal areas

11. Smaller Cavities Orbital cavity Nasal cavity Buccal cavity
Eyes, eyeball muscles, optic nerves, and lacrimal (tear) ducts
Nasal cavity
Parts that form the nose
Buccal cavity
Teeth and and tongue