1. THE RISE OF ISLAM
Unit 3

2. GEOGRAPHY OF ARABIA Arabia is mostly desert
Water and plant life are found at oases
What do we know about the Bedouins…
Politically?
Economically?
Socially?
Religion?
Interactions?

3. Mecca – A trading city
Medina - An oasis in the Desert, Control was contested by several Bedouin and Jewish clans.
Kaaba – holy site pre- and post- Islam in Mecca

4. MUHAMMAD: ISLAM’S PROPHET
Muhammad was born in 570 AD in Mecca
Muhammad went to the hills to meditate
610 AD: Visited by an angel and told to preach Islam
Islam means “Surrendering or Submission to the will of Allah”
Allah is the Arabic word for “God”

5. MUHAMMAD’S TEACHINGS He said:
He told them to only worship Allah, the one true God
Muhammad taught that all people were equal
He said:
The rich should share their things
Being rich was not as important as leading a good life
When the Day of Judgment came, God would reward the good people and punish the bad
Men and Woman are equal before god

6. OPPOSITION TO ISLAM Umayyad reprisal
Muhammad and his followers fled Mecca in 622 AD and moved north to a city they called Medina “City of the Prophet”
Muhammad created a government in Medina  Solved problems amongst Bedouins
630 AD: Muhammad’s army took over Mecca and made it a holy city

7. ISLAM’S TEACHINGS Christians see Jesus as divine/god-like
Islam, Judaism and Christianity believe some of the same things:
Believe in one God who spoke to people through prophets
Muslims believe Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad are the prophets
Christians see Jesus as divine/god-like
Muslims do NOT see Muhammad as divine, just a good person and prophet
Muhammad accepts earlier prophets of Judaism and Christianity
Muslims wrote down what Allah told Muhammad in the Quran, the holy book of Islam

8. THE QURAN
How to Live: be honest, treat others fairly, honor their parents, give to the poor, do not murder, lie or steal
Daily Life: Cannot eat pork, drink alcohol or gamble
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM:
Acts of Worship: Belief, Prayer, Charity, Fasting and Pilgrimage
Hadiths
Reports of Muhammad's life, also informs traditions

9. Islamic empires
Unit 3

10. ISLAMIC EMPIRES
By 750 AD, Islam spread to North Africa, Spain and some of India
Initial Conquest- Ridda Wars
Arab tribes and Bedouins were good on horseback and with swords
United by their religion
United by desire for loot
Let others practice their own religion
“People of the Book”…Christians and Jews
If you were not Muslim, you had to pay a special tax
The term Arab came to mean anyone who spoke Arabic, not someone FROM Arabia.

11. Succession Crisis comes to a head
Initially no conflict
Muhammad’s son-in-law viewed as too young
3 caliphs later….
Utman was caliph- assasinated
Umayyad (Muhammad’s Once enemies)
Results in Sunni, Shia split

12. No warm-up
Get out your notes/worksheet from yesterday.

13. The Umayyad Caliphate
Persia chart

14. Umayyad Control Umayyads- Move capital to Damascus (modern day Syria)
Conquest State
Tolerance for people of the book
Most coverts were voluntary (little advancement)
Mawali still had to pay Jizya

15. A Poem from the Abbasid Era
To Abu Hassan I offer condolences. At times of disaster and catastrophe God multiplies rewards for the patient. To be patient in misery Is equivalent to giving thanks for a gift. Among the blessings of God undoubtedly Is the preservation of sons And the death of daughters.

16. END OF THE FIRST ARAB EMPIRE
1200’s: Mongols invaded from central Asia
The Mongols were building their own empire and destroying many civilizations
1258: the Mongols burned Baghdad, the capital of the Arab Empire, to the ground

17. LATER MUSLIM EMPIRES
Other Muslim groups built empires in Asia, Africa and Europe
Two of the largest and most powerful empires were the Ottoman Empire that began in Turkey and the Mogul empire in India
The Ottoman Empire “Ottoman Turks”
Ottomans conquered the Byzantine Empire in 1453, renamed Constantinople to Istanbul
Conquered Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, parts of Arabia and North Africa
Used guns and cannons to fight, built a navy for the Mediterranean

18. OTTOMAN EMPIRE

19. WHO WERE THE MOGULS?
1500’s: Muslims in north India build another Muslim empire
Used guns, cannons, elephants and horses to win land
Made the city of Delhi the center of their empire
Greatest Mogul ruler was Akbar
Treated his people fairly, which brought peace and order
Most of India’s people were Hindu
Both Hindus and Muslims worked in Akbar’s government
Muslim traders brought paper, gunpowder and fine porcelain from China, architects used built styles like the arch and dome

20. WHO WERE THE MOGULS?
The Mogul empire started to decline when they spent too much trying to expand, forced people to pay high taxes and switch to Islam, then had to deal with European merchants