1. WAVES

2. A Wave is the motion of a disturbance…
Almost all waves require a medium through which to travel
**Mechanical Waves**

3. *Medium does NOT move with wave

5. Transverse Wave
Particles in the disturbed medium move perpendicular to the motion of the wave
Motion of duck/water
Motion of wave

6. Longitudinal Wave
Particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of the wave motion.
Example: Sound Waves

7. Parts of a Transverse Wave
Wavelength – the distance between two adjacent similar points of a wave
Amplitude – maximum displacement from equilibrium
Crest – highest points above the equilibrium position
Trough – the lowest point below the equilibrium position

8. V = f * λ Wave Speed V = wave speed (m/s) f = frequency (Hz)
λ = wavelength (m)

9. Interference – Superposition of Waves
Constructive
Destructive

10. Standing Wave
Resultant wave pattern that appears to be stationary on the string
Consists of alternating regions of constructive and destructive interference.

11. Standing Waves
A wave pattern that results when two waves of the same frequency, wave length and amplitude travel in opposite directions and interfere
Node – where complete destructive interference happens
Antinode – where complete constructive interference happens

12. Harmonics Vibrating Strings produce Standing Waves
*Frequency of Vibration of an object is called its Fundamental Frequency
Multiples of the fundamental frequency are called Harmonics

13. Harmonics depend on how many nodes are present in the standing wave.
n = # of nodes - 1
f = n * v n = 1, 2, 3…. 2L
λ= 2L/n
F = frequency (Hz)
λ= wavelength (m)
n = harmonic number
v = wave speed (m/s)
L = length of vibrating string (m)