1. Act of Hope
O my God, relying on thy infinite goodness and promises, I hope to obtain pardon of my sins, the help of thy grace, and life everlasting, through the merits of Jesus Christ, my Lord and Redeemer. Amen.

2. Section 3: Spain in America

3. Maya, Aztec, and Inca – Intergalactic

4. The Conquistadors

5. Conquistadors Conquistador – conquerors/explorer from Spain
Set out to the New World for the 3 Gs:
1) Glory
2) God
3) Gold

6. Hernan Cortes 1519 – Cortes led expedition to Mexico
Brought 500 men, horses, and cannons
Cortes went to the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan
Aztecs thought he might be a god
Aztecs had been demanding tribute (payment) from many conquered provinces

7. Aztec Defeat
1520 – Aztecs rebelled and kicked out the Spanish, but Montezuma died
1521 – Cortes returned with Spanish reinforcements and Native American allies
The Aztec empire fell apart

8. Francisco Pizarro
Pizarro sailed down Pacific coast of S. America w/ 180 soldiers
1532, Pizarro captured Incan ruler Atahualpa (whom they later executed) and destroyed Incan army

9. Why Did Spain Win? Guns, cannons, and animals (horses and dogs)
Native Americans assisted Spanish in overthrowing their rulers
Disease – no immunity to
European diseases, e.g. smallpox

10. Ponce de Leon 1513 – first to arrive on N. American mainland
Legend that he was looking for gold & fountain of youth
1565 – Spanish established first permanent settlement of St. Augustine in Florida

11. Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
Part of 1528 Spanish expedition to FL (led by Panfilo de Narvaez)
2 of 5 boats survived, ran aground in Texas
De Vaca and slave, Estevanico, became medicine men to survive
Told about seven cities of emerald & gold he saw

12. Hernando de Soto Explored Florida and the west
1541 – crossed Mississippi River
Died of fever

13. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Looking for legendary Seven Cities of Cibola
Traveled through Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, Kansas

14. Pueblos, Missions, and Presidios
Pueblos – towns, established centers of trade
Missions – religious communities (town, farmland, church)
Presidios – fort (near a mission)

15. Class System Upper class – peninsulares – born in Spain
Creoles – born in Americas to Spanish parents
Mestizos – people with Spanish and Native American parents
Native Americans – most in great poverty
African slaves

16. Encomienda
Encomienda – right to demand taxes or labor from Native Americans living on land
Native Americans effectively made into slaves
Many died – malnutrition & disease

17. Bartolome de Las Casas
Spanish priest, condemned cruel treatment of Native Americans, wanted laws to protect them
Spanish government passed New Laws – no Native American slaves

18. Plantation System Plantation – large estate
Las Casas suggested using African and white slaves (the slavery happening in southern Spain was more like indentured servitude) – later denounced African slavery
Already existing slave trade in West Africa – Portuguese and Spanish felt they were trading in justly obtained property
Mid-1500s, Spanish and Portuguese both brought thousands of West African slaves to American plantations

19. Section 3 Assessment
1) Write three true and three false statements using each of the following terms once: conquistador, tribute, pueblo, mission, presidio, plantation. - Student work should reflect correct use of terms. 2) What three kinds of settlements did Spain establish in the Americas? - Pueblos, missions, and presidios How did they differ? - Pueblos were towns and centers for trade; missions were small religious communities; and a presidio was a fort built near a mission. 3) What groups made up the class system in Spanish America? - Peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, Native Americans, enslaved Africans

20. Section 3 Assessment
4) One conquistador explained, “We came to serve God and the king, and also to get rich.” In what way do you think conquistadors planned to serve “God and the king”? - By converting people to Christianity and claiming land and riches for the king. 5) Re-create the diagram below and list causes of Spain’s success in conquering Native American empires. - Answers may include: awe of the Spanish, weapons held by the Spanish, the native peoples’ dislike of their Aztec overlords, and no immunity to European diseases. 6) Review the map of Spanish exploration on page 52. What expedition traveled from Florida to the Mississippi River? - De Soto. Through what regions did the Coronado expedition travel? - Northern Mexico and present-day Arizona and New Mexico.

21. Homework
Study

22. Act of Hope
O my God, relying on thy infinite goodness and promises, I hope to obtain pardon of my sins, the help of thy grace, and life everlasting, through the merits of Jesus Christ, my Lord and Redeemer. Amen.