1. Later Peoples of the Fertile Crescent
Chapter 5, Section 4
Mr. Gahsman – Social Studies 7

2. The Babylonians Conquer Mesopotamia
Rise of Babylon
Located on the Euphrates River, near modern-day Baghdad, Iraq
Former Sumerian town
Became its own city-state
1792 B.C. – Hammurabi becomes Babylon’s king
King Hammurabi of Babylon

3. Hammurabi’s Code Hammurabi was a great war leader
Brought all of Mesopotamia under his control
Called his territory the Babylonian Empire
Used tax money to pay for building and irrigation projects
Increased trade
Best known for his law code

4. Pillar carved with Hammurabi’s Code
The Law Code
282 laws dealing with every part of daily life
Some ideas still found in laws today
All crimes had penalties
Punishment was harsher if you harmed a rich man versus a poor man
Important because it was the first law code to be written down for all to see
Pillar carved with Hammurabi’s Code

5. Fall of Babylon Hammurabi ruled for 42 years
Babylon faced many invasions after his death
Babylonian Art

6. Invasions of Mesopotamia
Hittites
Originated in Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey)
Two military advantages
Masters of ironworking
Stronger weapons
Skillful use of chariots
Captured Babylon around 1595 B.C.
Hittite king was assassinated
Kingdom plunged into chaos
Hittite 3-man chariot

7. Hittite Charioteer
Hittite Warrior

8. Kassites Originally lived north of Babylon
Captured the city from the Hittites
Ruled Babylon for over 400 years

9. Assyrians From northern Mesopotamia
Gained control of Babylon around 1200 B.C.
Very strong army
Used iron weapons and chariots
Fierce in battle
Looted villages
Burned crops
Killed anyone who resisted them
Ruled from the capital city of Nineveh
Built road network

10. Assyrian warriors attacking a city
Assyrian warrior vs. Nubian warrior

12. Artist representation of a Chaldean temple
Chaldeans
Lived in the Syrian Desert
Attacked the Assyrians
Destroyed Nineveh in 612 B.C.
The Assyrian Empire collapsed
King Nebuchadnezzar
Rebuilt Babylon
May have built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Admired Sumerian culture
Studied Sumerian language
Adopted many Sumerian gods
Great astronomers
Artist representation of a Chaldean temple

13. The Phoenicians Lived on the western end of the Fertile Crescent
Not a great military power
Wealthy trading society
Geography of Phoenicia
Modern-day Lebanon
Main cities were Tyre, Sidon and Byblos (still exist today)
Had many cedar trees
Land trade was blocked by mountains, had to use the sea for trading

14. Expansion of Trade Became expert sailors Built fleets of trading ships
Traveled to Egypt, Greece, Italy and Spain
Founded colonies
Most famous colony was Carthage in Northern Africa
Traded lumber, silverwork, ivory carvings, glass items and slaves
Made purple dye from crushed shellfish
Used to make purple fabric that was prized by wealthy people around the Mediterranean Sea
Most important achievement was their alphabet
Replica of a Phoenician Trading Ship