1. Programming Language Design
Computer Science 312
Programming Language Design

2. Computer Science Data structures Computer organization
Theory of computation
Algorithm analysis
Programming language design
Database management
Artificial intelligence
Operating systems
Web and mobile apps
Graphics and image processing
Networks

3. Course Goals
Experience the functional and concurrent programming styles
Learn to program in Haskell, Erlang, and functional Java
Learn to write scanners and parsers for different languages
Have some FUN!

4. Computer as a Layered System
Memory
ALU
Control Unit
I/O Devices
Transistors
Logic Circuits
Multiplexors
Etc.
Hardware
A program and its data are patterns of voltage levels

5. Computer as a Layered System
Machine language
Hardware
A program and its data are patterns of 1s and 0s

6. Computer as a Layered System
Assembly language
Hardware
in length
in width
load length
mul width
store area
out area
halt
A program and its data are patterns of mnemonic symbols

7. Computer as a Layered System
High-level language
while x > 0:
if x % 2 == 0:
evens = evens + 1
else:
odds = odds + 1
x = x - 1
Hardware
A program and its data are patterns of arbitrary symbols,
with lots of syntactic structure for the programmer

8. Software Tools File manager Debugger Editor Profiler Compiler
Linker
Loader
Run-time system
Debugger
Profiler
CASE tools
Hardware

9. History of Programming Languages
Fifth
Fourth
Third
Second
First
Hardware
To a certain extent, the layers of programming languages mirror their historical evolution

10. History and Evolution First Second Third Fourth Fifth 1950 Machine
Assembly
FORTRAN
ALGOL LISP
COBOL
PASCAL, C PROLOG
Modula Smalltalk
Ada
Erlang
Haskell
C++, Java, and Python are hybrids of fourth and fifth

11. First Generation Languages
Machine language
Assembly language
FORTRAN (FOrmula TRANslation Language)

12. First Generation Languages
Programs have a linear structure, isomorphic with the underlying machine structure
But FORTRAN allows algebraic notation

13. Second Generation Languages
ALGOL (ALGOrithmic Language)
COBOL (COmmon Business-Oriented Language)
PL/1

14. Second Generation Languages
Programs are hierarchical in structure
Recursion
Wide variety of data types and strong type checking

15. Third Generation Languages
Pascal C

16. Third Generation Languages
Hierarchical data structures (arrays, records)
Dynamic memory (pointers)

17. Fourth Generation Languages
Modula
Ada

18. Fourth Generation Languages
Support for information hiding in packages or modules
Support for concurrency

19. Fifth Generation Languages
LISP (LISt Processing Language)
Smalltalk
PROLOG (PROgramming in LOGic)
Haskell, Erlang

20. Fifth Generation Languages
Support for new paradigms of programming:
Function-oriented (LISP)
Object-oriented (Smalltalk)
Logic-oriented (PROLOG)
Concurrency-oriented (Erlang)

21. Multiple Models of Computation
Functions
Objects
Gens 1-4
Hardware
von Neumann
Processes
Logic

22. For next time: Read the Introduction of the Haskell book.
Download and install the Haskell Platform for your computer.
Bring it to class.