1. Body Composition Chapter 3
Kinesiology 2115

2. Body Composition Refers to fat vs. nonfat makeup of the body
Lean mass includes
Muscles
Bones
Blood
Organs
Other tissues
Fat (adipose tissue) includes
Subcutaneous
Fat surrounding organs (visceral)

3. Uses of Fat Cushion Regulates body temperature Energy Babies
Essential fat
3% for males
12-13% for females
The rest is storage fat
Determined by age, sex, heredity, metabolism, diet and activity level

4. Overfat vs. Overweight
Overweight is relation between total body weight and height/frame size
Is not the best measure of health-does not take into consideration body composition
Can be overweight without being overfat
Overfat is based on the percent of fat tissue
More meaningful than height weight charts
Determined by body composition assessments
Optimal percentages
College age men: 10-15%
College age women: 18-23%

5. Obesity Obesity is being 10% above the ideal body fat percentage
Men = >25% body fat
Women = >33% body fat
Obesity leads to many health problems

6. Problems with Over-fatness and Obesity
Heart disease
Hypertension and stroke (1 in 3)
Renal disease
Gall bladder disease
Diabetes
Pulmonary diseases
Osteoarthritis and gout
Breast and endometrial cancer

7. Problems (continued) Difficulty sustaining exercise or activity
Social isolation
Daily jobs with physical movement
Self-image, self-esteem
Discrimination
Depression
Unhealthy dieting practices

8. Assessing Body Composition
Hydrostatic weighing
Most effective measure of body composition
Not accurate/recommended if your afraid of water
Skinfold measures
3, 5, 7 sites
Most common method used-inexpensive

9. Assessments (continued)
Bioelectrical impedance
Electrical current sent through body
Water in muscle conducts current; fat slows current
Body Mass Index
Ratio of weight to height; project disease risk based on relative mortality rates
High BMI- hypertension, high cholesterol, CVD
Not accurate for people with high or very low muscle tissue

10. Bod Pod
DEXA

11. Assessments (continued)
Waist to Hip ratio
Fat is carried in different locations
Android obesity – fat stored in abdominal area
Gynoid obesity – fat stored in hips/thighs
Waist to Hip Ratio used to assess health risk of diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension and heart disease
Males with WHR >.9 at increased risk
Females with WHR >.8 at increased risk