1. Anatomical Terminology
Why? 
Correct anatomical terminology allows people to communicate effectively and accurately
Body Positions
- Anatomical Position:body erect, feet on
floor and slightly apart, head and palms
facing forward
- Supine: body lying face upward
- Prone: body lying face downward

2. Anatomical Terminology Cont.
Directional Terms
anterior (ventral)--the front side of the body
posterior (dorsal)--the back side of the body
superior (cranial)--toward the head
inferior (caudal)--away from the head
medial--toward the midline of the body
lateral--away from the midline of the body
proximal--closer to the point of attachment
distal--farther from the point of attachment
superficial (external)--located close to or on the body surface
deep (internal)--located beneath the body surface

3. Regional Terms Anterior
Abdominal: anterior body trunk inferior to ribs
Acromial: point of shoulder
Antebrachial: forearm
Antecubital: anterior surface of elbow
Axillary: armpit
Brachial: arm
Buccal: cheek area
Carpal: wrist
Cervical: neck region
Coxal: hip
Crural: leg
Deltoid: curve of shoulder area formed by large deltoid muscle

4. Regional Terms Cont. Digital: fingers, toes Femoral: thigh
Fibular: lateral part of leg
Frontal: forehead
Inguinal: area where thigh meets body trunk; groin
Nasal: nose area
Oral: mouth
Orbital: eye area
Patellar: anterior knee
Pelvic: area overlying the pelvis
Pubic: genital region
Sternal: breastbone area
Tarsal: ankle region
Thoracic: chest
Umbilical: navel

5. Regional Terms Cont. Posterior Calcaneal: heel of foot Cephalic: head
Femoral: thigh
Gluteal: buttock
Lumbar: area of back between ribs and hips
Occipital: posterior surface of head
Olecranal: posterior surface of elbow
Popliteal: posterior knee area
Sacral: area between hips
Scapular: shoulder blade region
Sural: the posterior surface of lower leg; the calf
Vertebral: area of spine
Plantar: sole of the foot

6. Body Planes and Sections
Sagittal:longitudinal section that divides the body into right and left portions
- median or midsagittal:directly down the middle of the body
- parasagittal:divides anywhere except for right down the middle; divides the body into unequal parts
Frontal (coronal):divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
Transverse:divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) portions

8. Sagittal MRI Scans

9. Transverse MRI Scans Cont.

10. Coronal MRI Scans

11. Body Cavities Dorsal (posterior) - cranial cavity--houses the brain
- spinal (vertebral) cavity--contains the spinal cord
Ventral (anterior)
- thoracic cavity
- pericardial cavity-surrounds the heart
- pleural cavities--surrounds the lungs
- abdominopelvic
- abdominal cavity--contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, and the small and large intestine
- pelvic cavity--contains the lower part of the digestive system (rectum), the urinary bladder, and the internal reproductive organs of the female

13. Body Cavities Cont. Abdominopelvic Cavity four quadrants
- right upper quadrant (RUQ)
- right lower quadrant(RLQ)
- left upper quadrant(LUQ)
- left lower quadrant(LLQ)
Nine regions
epigastric--upper middle portion
umbilical--central portion
hypogastric--lower middle portion
hypochondriac--either side of epigastric
lumbar--either side of umbilical
iliac--either side of hypogastric

14. Body Cavities Cont.
Oral: commonly called the mouth, contains teeth and tongue
Nasal: posterior to the nose, part of the respiratory system passageways
Orbital: house the eyes
Middle Ear: medial to the eardrums