1. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Title: THE ORAL CAVITY , PHARYNX, and ESOPHAGUS
Let’s dive in!
Title: THE ORAL CAVITY ,
PHARYNX, and ESOPHAGUS
Notes in Notebook

2. Hard and Soft Palate HARD PALATE  forms anterior roof of mouth
*bony ridges of hard palate are called palatine RUGAE
SOFT PALATE  forms posterior roof
*Uvula  projection of soft palate

3. VESTIBULE
Space between teeth
and gums of mouth

4. FRENULUM
Fold of membrane that secures tongue to the floor of the mouth
(lingual frenulum)

5. PAPILLAE On tongue surface, some contain taste buds
Types of Taste buds:
sweet, sour, bitter, salty…
react to different molecules of food

6. Salivary Glands Masseter Muscle Parotid Gland
Facial Nerve, Dorsal Branch
Facial Nerve, Ventral Branch
Submaxillary Gland
External Maxillary Vein
Stensen’s (Parotid) Duct.

7. Opening to Naso-Parynx
Nostril
Oral Cavity
Hard Palate
Soft Palate
Epiglottis
Opening to Naso-Parynx
Corner of Mouth
(cut surface)
Tongue
Papillae of Tongue

8. TONSILS
Palatine tonsils (posterior of oral cavity) Lingual tonsil (covers base of tongue)  Act as part of body’s immune system

9. SALIVARY GLANDS
3 pairs:
Parotid glands (largest salivary glands; anterior to ears)
Submandibular glands (below mandible)
Sublingual glands (below tongue)
*Salivary amylase in saliva begins breakdown of starch.
*Salivary lipase begins breakdown of lipids/fats.
- Over 99% of saliva is H2O.

10. EPIGLOTTIS
Cartilage at back of throat; covers glottis during swallowing
Glottis is the opening in the larynx (voice box)
*The esophagus is located DORSAL to the trachea

11. . PHARYNX: Tube from nasal cavities to esophagus
Skeletal muscle layers make up pharynx which contract to propel food into esophagus
3 DIVISIONS OF PHARYNX:
Nasopharynx (extends from internal nares)
Oropharynx (posterior to oral cavity)
Laryngopharynx (connected to larynx & esophagus)

12. ESOPHAGUS Tube that conducts food to stomach – “food chute”
No digestion/
absorption occurs here

13. SWALLOWING Part of FOOD PROPULSION
TONGUE pushes food BOLUS (undigested food mass in mouth) against soft palate
SOFT PALATE (uvula) rises & closes of nasal passages
Bolus enters PHARYNX
*EPIGLOTTIS covers larynx
Food moves through pharynx to ESOPHAGUS to stomach by process of peristalsis