1. ROOTS OF EACH BODY SYSTEM
JOSE A.S. SANTIAGO M.D.

2. Introduction Roots grouped according to body systems
Remember each root more easily by associating a mental picture of the organ to which it refers

3. Introduction Roots are a foundation for building medical terms
Roots will be expressed in their combining form
Examples: Osteo- bone
Neuro- nerve

4. Anatomy and Physiology
Study of the structure and parts of the body
Physiology
Study of the function of the body and how the body parts work

5. Levels of Organization
Cells
Smallest unit
Tissue
Cells combine to make tissues
Organs
Tissues combine to make organs

6. Levels of Organization
The Cell
-basic unit of life

7. Levels of Organization
Tissue
-groups of cells form a tissue
Muscle tissue

8. Levels of Organization
Organs
Tissues combine to make organs
HEPAT/O (Liver)

9. Levels of Organization
Organ systems
Related organs make a system

10. Levels of Organization
Organism
All organ systems together form the human body

11. Roots – Body as a Whole Adip/o; lip/o; steat/o fat Axill/o armpit
Bi/o life
Cephal/o head
Cervic/o neck

12. Body Cyt/o cell Hist/o; histi/o tissue Path/o disease
Viscer/o internal organs

13. Skeletal System
Bones
Cartilage
Joints

14. Roots – Skeletal Arthr/o joint Chondr/o cartilage Crani/o skull
Cost/o rib
Myel/o bone marrow; spinal cord

15. Muscular System
Muscles
Tendons

16. Roots – Muscular
My/o; muscul/o muscle
Tend/o; tendin/o tendon

17. Nervous System and Organs of Special Sense
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Eyes
Ears

18. Roots – Nervous System, Eyes and Ears
Blephar/o eyelid
Cerebr/o; encephal/o brain
Myel/o spinal cord; bone marrow

19. Nervous
Neur/o nerve
Ophthalm/o; ocul/o eye
Ot/o ear

20. Circulatory System
Heart
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Blood

21. Roots – Circulatory Arteri/o artery Angi/o; vascul/o; vas/o vessel
Cardi/o heart
Hem/o; hemat/o blood
Ven/o; phleb/o vein