1. Jet Engines
Aerospace

2. “For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.”
Newton’s Third Law
“For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.”

3. How Do Jet Engines Work?
Hot gas in the combustion chamber exits at a high velocity through the exhaust, which is the open end of the engine, as it pushes with equal force against the opposite, or closed, end of the engine. These engines are also referred to as reaction engines. The common example of this principle is air escaping from the neck of a balloon.

4. Processes of a Jet Engine:
Thrust of a jet engine is produced by a four-stage process:
Intake
Compression
Combustion
Exhaust

5. Diagram of the Four Stage Process
This simplified illustration shows that a basic turbojet engine is essentially a tube where thrust is produced by a four-stage process. Outside air enters at the intake and is directed to the compressor where it accelerates. Then, the air mixes with fuel in the combustion chamber, ignites, and exits through the turbine section and the exhaust.

6. Example of a Jet Engine Diagram

7. Other Examples of Jet Engine Diagrams
Turbojet
Turboprop
Turbofan
Ramjet

8. The following is an example of what a jet engine looks like with it’s components

9. The following will describe how the process of a jet engine works.

10. At the front of the engine, the turbine shaft drives a compressor
At the front of the engine, the turbine shaft drives a compressor.  The compressor works a lot like the turbine only in reverse.  Its purpose is to draw air into the engine and pressurize it.

11. Fuel continuously burns inside a combustion chamber just like the rocket.  The expanding gasses escape out the nozzle generating thrust in the opposite direction.

12. On its way out the nozzle, some of the gas pressure is used to drive a turbine.  A turbine is a series of  rotors or fans connected to a single shaft. 

13. How the Processes Work Together
The turbine, which is in the path of the heated air, acts like a windmill.
It captures much of the energy of the high velocity heated air and transmits its spin to the compressor by means of a connecting shaft.
Jet Engines

14. Advantages of Jet Engines compared to reciprocating engines
Fewer working parts
Less maintenance
Cheaper fuel
Greater operating speeds
Altitudes
Climb rates offer increased capabilities
Less warm-up time
Torque is practically nonexistent
Can fly in any types of weather conditions

15. Jet Engines Compared to Rocket Engines
Both are reaction engines
Jet engines need air from the atmosphere to mix with the fuel for combustion.
Rocket engines have their own source of oxygen and can operate in space.
Because of this, jet engines will work only within the Earth’s atmosphere.

16. Turbojet-Turboprop-Turbofan-Ramjet
Review
What type of engine is a jet engine?
What are the four stages in a jet engine which produce its thrust?
Name 4 types of jet engines.
Can jet engines work in space? Why or why not?
Reaction
Intake-Compression-Combustion-Exhaust
Turbojet-Turboprop-Turbofan-Ramjet
No…need air and fuel for combustion

17. Assignment
First read ch. 10 Section E in the Aviation Fundamentals book and complete questions 1-24 in the workbook
Next, pick a partner and complete the following
Pick one of the following jet engine types and research it (only one group/ topic)
Turboprop
Turbojet
Turbofan
Ramjet
Create a PowerPoint presentation on your findings
Refer to the rubric for the details of the assignment