1. 5. EXPERIMENT Material: Instrument Experiment condition:
DL-Mandelic Acid
(+)-S-Mandelic Acid
Water
Instrument
Experiment condition:
Concentration: 20-70%
Heating rates: K/m
Temperature range: 5-70oC
Differential Reaction Calorimeter
SETARAM

2. 6.1.Influence of different parameters on solubility results
6. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
6.1.Influence of different parameters on solubility results
Heating rate: samples with slower heating rates usually produce better solubilities due to better equilibrium.
DL-Mandelic Acid 30%wt

3. 6.1.Influence of different parameters on solubility results
6. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
6.1.Influence of different parameters on solubility results
Concentration: samples with low concentration normally produce better solubilities. Higher concentration is difficult for stirring => heat exchange is worse.
DL-Mandelic Acid 30%wt
DL-Mandelic Acid 50%wt

4. 6.1.Influence of different parameters on solubility results
6. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
6.1.Influence of different parameters on solubility results
Baseline construction - Direct from initial point to end point - From end point draw a parallel line to the x-axis to determine initial point

5. 6. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
6.3. Comparison between experimental heat flow and simulated heat flow
Experimental curve is not as sharp as simulated curve due to:
slow heat exchange between heating surface reactor and bulk liquid
time lag of the calorimeter.
Experimental curve
Simulated curve

6. CONCLUSION ADVANTAGES
Calorimetric method proves to be a useful method. Some promising results have been achieved in this work.
Determination of the integration range can be chosen between different baseline.
Simulation of heat flow helps to understand the experiment and heat capacity term can be observed
FUTURE WORK
A more complete model which describes heat capacity changes with respect to temperature and concentration of the solution should be developed to reflect all factors in the calculation
Consider time lag to have a sharp curve