1. Pathogenic spirochetes
Pathogenic spirochetes. Classification, biological properties and their role in human diseases.
Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University
/ Department of microbiology

2. Classification of spirochetes
Order: Spirochaetalis
Families
Spirochaetaceae Leptospiraceae
Genera:
1. Borrelia Leptospira
2.Treponema

3. Medical important species
GenusTreponema
Species T. pallidum Subspecies:
Subsp. pallidum
Subsp. pertenue
Subsp. endemicum
Subsp. carateum

4. Medical important species
Genus Borrelia:
Species:
B. reccurentis
B.caucasica, B.persica and others
B.burgdorferi
Genus Leptospira:
L.interrogans

5. Morfhology of Treponema pallidum

6. Antigen structure
Lipid haptens.
Group antigen
Polysaccharide antigen

7. Epidemiology of syphilis
The source of infection is human suffered from primary or secondary syphilis
Infection occurs:
through sexual contact (venereal disease);
through placenta (congenital syphilis);
rarely with direct contact
and with infected blood
during transfusion

8. Pathogenesis Primary syphilis Secondary syphilis Latent syphilis
Tertiary syphilis

9. Laboratory diagnostics
Dark-field microscopy
Direct fluorescent antibody test

10. Laboratory diagnostics
Serology
Reagin tests
Group specific treponemal tests
Specific T.pallidum tests

11. Leptospira Morphology:
It is slender (0. 1 µm by 8 to 20 µm), tightly coiled, flexible cell.
It is motile, non-capsulated, non-sporeforming
One or both ends are usually hooked, giving the cell typical shape as S or C letters.

12. Epidemiology Primary reservoir - wild animals
Mode of transmission: Direct or indirect contact

13. Laboratory diagnostics
Microscopy
Culture method
Experimental (biological) method
Serological method

14. Borrelia

15. Epidemiology and pathogenesis
Borreliosis transmitted to humans primarily by lice or ticks.
Borrelia recurrentis is responsible for the louse-borne or epidemic type of relapsing fever with humans serving as the reservoir host.
Other Borrelia are the causes of tick-borne or endemic type of relapsing fever. Rodents are the primary reservoir for these borreliae.

16. Laboratory diagnostics of relapsing fever
Microscopy method.
Experimental infection

17. Lyme disease

18. Laboratory diagnostics of Lyme disease
Serological method

19. Spirochetes