1. America as a World Power

2. Objectives
Explain how Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy promoted American power around the world
Describe how Woodrow Wilson’s missionary diplomacy ensured U.S. dominance in Latin America

3. Teddy Roosevelt and the World
Roosevelt the Peacemaker
Panama Canal
Russo-Japanese War
In secret, Roosevelt finds a middle ground for the two countries
Wins noble peace prize – 1906
Would great reduce travel time for commerce and military ships between Atlantic and Pacific oceans
Two paths
Nicaragua
Geographically easier, but longer
Panama (Columbia)
Shorter distance, but over mountains and through swamps
For 10 years a French company had tried and failed
US buys the French route for $40m

4. Teddy Roosevelt and the World
Panama Canal (cont.)
Negotiations with Columbia broke down
America back Panamanian independence
Nearly a dozen U.S. warships present as Panama declare indepence
15 days later U.S. and Panama sign a treaty
$10m up front
$250,000 annual rent of the Canal Zone

5. Teddy Roosevelt and the World
Constructing the Canal
Began in 1904
By 1913
43,400 workers
¾ African-Americans from the British West Indies
5,600 workers died from accidents or disease
Cost the U.S. $380m
Opened Aug, 1914
1000 ships crossed that first year
Relations in Latin America damaged even though U.S. paid $25m to Columbia in compensations

6. Teddy Roosevelt and the World
The Roosevelt Corollary
Dollar Diplomacy
Monroe Doctrine – 1823
European countries stay out of affairs in Latin America
“Speak softly and carry a big stick”
U.S. would now use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America
Nicaragua – 1911
Rebellion leaves country near bankruptcy
American banks loan Nicaragua money to pay off its debts
Bankers gain control of state-owned railroad and national bank and can collect nation’s custom duties
Citizens rebel
2,000 U.S. Marines

7. Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy
The Mexican Revolution
U.S. had a moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to U.S. interests
For decades foreigners had owned large shares of profitable industries
Oil wells
Mines
Railroads
Ranches
Common people were extremely poor

8. Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy
Intervention in Mexico
Group of American sailors were arrested in Tampico
Quickly releases
Wilson sees his chance
April 1914
18 Americans killed
200 Mexicans killed
U.S. Marines occupy Veracruz
Moderation attempted
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Wilson refused to recognize a government that came to power through violence
Regime collapse, Wilson removes troops

9. Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy
Rebellion in Mexico
Venustiano Carranza
Did not have support of all of the Mexican people
Francisco “Pancho” Villa
Emiliano Zapata
Opposed Carranza’s provisional government
“Better to die on your feet than live on your knees”
January 1916
Villa’s men kidnap American engineers off a train and shoot them
Columbus, New Mexico
2 months later
17 Americans killed in a raid blamed on Villa

10. Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy
Chasing Villa
John J. Pershing
15,000 soldiers sent into Mexico to capture Villa dead or alive
Wilson sends in another 150,000 National Guardsmen
June 1916
Forces meet resulting in deaths
Both sides end up backing down
Mexico adopts a constitution that put nation’s oil and mineral resources under government control
Invasion sets model of U.S. attitudes towards superiority of free-enterprise democracy

11. What role did President Roosevelt play in ending the Russo-Japanese War?
What events led to the building of the Panama Canal?
What did the Roosevelt Corollary state?
What was dollar diplomacy?

12. What was Woodrow Wilson’s “missionary diplomacy”?
Why did the United States become involved in the affairs of Mexico?