1. Unit 1 – Diversity of Living Things
TAXONOMY
Unit 1 – Diversity of Living Things

2. HOW DO WE ORGANIZE LIVING THINGS?
We name all organisms using many names:
K ingdom King
P hylum Phillip
C lass Cried
O rder Out
F amily “For
G enus Goodness
S pecies Sakes!”
Each level is called a “taxon”
s p e c i f i c

3. SIX KINGDOMS Unicellular  single-cell Multicellular  many cells
Prokaryotic  no nucleus present in cells
Eukaryotic  nucleus present in cells
Each kingdom has many phyla
Each phylum has many classes
Each class has many orders
Etc.

5. TAXONOMY Taxonomy  system of naming organisms Carl Linnaeus
Swedish botanist and ecologist
Designed binomial nomenclature binomial = two-name nomenclature = system
Scientific name of any animal: Genus species
Written in italics
“Genus” is capitalized
Names are Latin/Greek
Carl Linnaeus
Homo sapien

6. CLADOGRAMS
Cladogram  the family tree for all living things that describes phylogenetic (evolutionary) relationships
How do we figure out how organisms are related?
Look for homologies (common characteristics)!
Dichotomous keys:
Classifying based on presence/absence of traits (yes/no questions)

7. DINOSAUR CLADOGRAM
Common ancestors areat the base, and branches are evolutionary “families” with common traits

8. RECAP: TAXONOMY KEY WORDS
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Taxon (plural: taxa)
Unicellular, multicellular
Prokaryotic, eukaryotic
Taxonomy
Binomial nomenclature
Cladogram
Phylogeny / phylogenetic
Homology / homologies / homologous
Dichotomous key