1. Victorian England

2. Queen Victoria – reigned from 1837 – 1901
Married Prince Albert –nine children
– When he died in 1861, Victoria remained in seclusion for many years.

3. Social, Political, Economic Aspects
Peace – Pax Brittanica
Prosperity – factories, businesses, trade;
- English & Scottish populations nearly doubled
- Irish population diminished, due to potato famine – starvation & emigration
Social restraint – disciplined lifestyles

4. However: - very little social welfare - harsh prison system
- debtor’s prison
- public education not free until 1870
- child labor
- generally poor labor conditions
– rats in factories, long hours, heat & cold