1. Cell Structure and Function

2. NEED TO KNOW VOCAB
Solute - the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent.
Solvent - able to dissolve other substances, the liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.
Solution - a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent), the process or state of being dissolved in a solvent.
Remind them water is the universal solvent
Sugar and powder are solutes
Solution is the kool aid made in the end

3. Vocab continued
Hydrophobic – tending to repel or fail to mix with water.
Hydrophilic - having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water.
YOUR NOT ALLERGIC TO WATER… Remember to bath
But some parts of your body do resist mixing with water more so than other parts

4. Plasma Membrane Contains cell contents
Double layer of phospholipids & proteins
Plasma membrane is double layer to protect the liquid in cells from mixing with liquids out of cells
ALSO KNOWN AS CELL MEMBRANE

5. Phospholipids Polar Interacts with water Hydrophylic head
Hydrophobic tail
Interacts with water
Try to expand on the concept on phospholipids having a had and tail. They pair and bond according to POLARITY
Tie this back to Water and the charges it has, which causes the position of Hydrogen bonds

6. Movement Across the Plasma Membrane
A few molecules move freely
Water, Carbon dioxide, Ammonia, Oxygen
Carrier proteins transport some molecules
Proteins embedded in lipid bilayer
Fluid mosaic model – describes fluid nature of a lipid bilayer with proteins
Some things move easy. Some don’t. There are 4 types of movement

8. Membrane Proteins 1. Channels or transporters 2. Receptors
Move molecules in one direction
2. Receptors
Recognize certain chemicals
Membrane- a pliable sheetlike structure acting as a boundary, lining, or partition in an organism.
Protiens -any of various naturally occurring extremely complex substances that consist of amino-acid residues joined by peptide bonds, contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, usually sulfur, and occasionally other elements
EX (such as enzymes, hormones, or antibodies)

9. Membrane Proteins 3. Glycoproteins 4. Enzymes Identify cell type
Catalyze production of substances

10. Cytoskeleton Filaments & fibers Made of 3 fiber types 3 functions:
Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
3 functions:
mechanical support
anchor organelles
help move substances
Support, movement and transport of substance in and out of cell are the basic components of the cytoskeleton.
Cytoskeleton is similar to human skin. It has a mechanical feature(temperature control, keeps organs in place, and moves waste out the body and nutrients in)

11. Molecule Movement & Cells
Passive Transport
Active Transport
Endocytosis
(phagocytosis & pinocytosis)
Exocytosis
End of Day 1. Work on assignments

12. Passive Transport No energy required Move due to gradient
differences in concentration, pressure, charge
Move to equalize gradient
High moves toward low

13. Types of Passive Transport
1. Diffusion
2. Osmosis
3. Facilitated diffusion

14. Diffusion
Molecules move to equalize concentration

15. Osmosis Special form of diffusion
Fluid flows from lower solute concentration
Often involves movement of water
Into cell
Out of cell

16. Solution Differences & Cells
solvent + solute = solution
Hypotonic
Solutes in cell more than outside
Outside solvent will flow into cell
Isotonic
Solutes equal inside & out of cell
Hypertonic
Solutes greater outside cell
Fluid will flow out of cell

18. Facilitated Diffusion
Differentially permeable membrane
Channels (are specific) help molecule or ions enter or leave the cell.
Channels usually are transport proteins
(aquaporins facilitate the movement of water)
No energy is used

19. Process of Facilitated Transport
Protein binds with molecule
Shape of protein changes
Molecule moves across membrane

20. Active Transport Molecular movement Requires energy (against gradient)
Example is sodium-potassium pump

21. Endocytosis Movement of large material Movement is into cells
Particles
Organisms
Large molecules
Movement is into cells
Types of endocytosis
bulk-phase (nonspecific)
receptor-mediated (specific)

22. Process of Endocytosis
Plasma membrane surrounds material
Edges of membrane meet
Membranes fuse to form vesicle

23. Forms of Endocytosis Phagocytosis – cell eating
Pinocytosis – cell drinking

24. Exocytosis
Reverse of endocytosis
Cell discharges material

25. Exocytosis Vesicle moves to cell surface Membrane of vesicle fuses
Materials expelled

26. Exit Slip
1. Which structure regulates what enters and leaves the cell?
Mitochondria
Plasma membrane
Chloroplast
Nucleus
2. Water has a lot of properties. These properties make water essential to life. Being essential to life water is known as the universal __________?
Solution
Solute
Solvent
substance

27. Exit Slip 3. What are the types of Passive Transport
4. Which type of transport requires energy?
5. What is endocytosis?